Volume 9, Number 10—October 2003
Research
Hazards of Healthy Living: Bottled Water and Salad Vegetables as Risk Factors for Campylobacter Infection
Meirion R. Evans*
, C. Donald Ribeiro†, and Roland L. Salmon‡
, C. Donald Ribeiro†, and Roland L. Salmon‡Table 2
Frequency of food exposure, animal contact, leisure activities and medical history in campylobacter infected case-patients and non-case-patients
| Exposure | Case-patients (%) (n=213) | Non-case-patients (%) (n=1144) | Crude ORa (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food and drink |
|||||
| Lamb |
47 (22.1) |
282 (24.7) |
0.87 (0.61 to 1.22) |
0.67(0.45 to 0.99) |
0.046 |
| Frozen fish |
53 (24.9) |
341 (29.8) |
0.78 (0.55 to 1.09) |
0.64 (0.45 to 0.93) |
0.020 |
| Chicken |
177 (83.1) |
777 (67.9) |
2.32 (1.60 to 3.43) |
1.61 (1.03 to 2.50) |
0.036 |
| Eggs |
141 (66.2) |
606 (53.0) |
1.74 (1.28 to 2.37) |
1.35 (0.95 to 1.92) |
0.096 |
| Salad vegetables |
159 (74.6) |
635 (55.5) |
2.36 (1.70 to 3.30) |
1.73 (1.09 to 2.74) |
0.019 |
| Fresh or frozen berries |
51 (23.9) |
173 (15.1) |
1.77 (1.23 to 2.51) |
1.43 (0.95 to 2.13) |
0.086 |
| Milk delivered to the doorstep |
29 (13.6) |
215 (18.8) |
0.68 (0.44 to 1.03) |
0.60 (0.38 to 0.94) |
0.026 |
| Bottled water |
114 (53.5) |
420 (36.7) |
1.98 (1.48 to 2.67) |
1.39 (0.98 to 1.96) |
0.062 |
| Ate at a fried chicken outlet |
22 (10.3) |
51 (4.5) |
2.47 (1.44 to 4.13) |
1.82 (1.00 to 3.30) |
0.050 |
| Ate at a Chinese restaurant |
23 (10.8) |
114 (10.0) |
1.09 (0.67 to 1.74) |
0.58 (0.33 to 0.99) |
0.048 |
| Animal contact |
|||||
| Own a pet rabbit |
7 (3.3) |
89 (7.8) |
0.40 (0.17 to 84) |
0.46 (0.20 to 1.05) |
0.066 |
| Had contact with cows or calves |
5 (2.3) |
6 (0.5) |
4.55 (1.27 to 15.74) |
5.44 (1.05 to 28.1) |
0.043 |
| Leisure activities |
|||||
| Walking (>15 min) |
162 (76.0) |
712 (62.2) |
1.93 (1.38 to 2.72) |
1.92 (1.34 to 2.73) |
<0.001 |
| Medical history |
|||||
| History of lower bowel problems |
21 (9.9) |
197 (17.2) |
0.53 (0.32 to 0.83) |
0.55 (0.34 to 0.90) |
0.018 |
| Antibiotic in month before illness | 11 (5.2) | 160 (14.0) | 0.34 (0.17 to 0.61) | 0.34 (0.18 to 0.65) | 0.001 |
aAdjusted for potential confounders within each exposure group; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
