Volume 9, Number 2—February 2003
Research
Influence of Role Models and Hospital Design on the Hand Hygiene of Health-Care Workers
Mary G. Lankford*†, Teresa R. Zembower‡, William E. Trick§, Donna M. Hacek*†, Gary A. Noskin*†‡, and Lance R. Peterson*†‡
Table 1
Definitions used to determine hand-hygiene opportunities, patient contact, and invasive proceduresa
| Hand-hygiene opportunities | Patient contact | Invasive procedures |
|---|---|---|
| Patient contact |
Contact with patient’s skin |
Phlebotomy |
| Performance of an invasive procedure |
Contact with blood or body fluids |
Intravenous or intramuscular injection of a medication |
| Placement of an intravascular device or urinary catheter |
Contact with mucous membranes |
Wound care |
| Visible soiling of hands |
Urinary catheterization |
|
| Contact with body fluids |
||
| Glove removal |
||
| Contact with a likely contaminated environmental surface |
aPatient contact and invasive procedure are not mutually exclusive categories.
