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Volume 9, Number 2—February 2003
Research

Influence of Role Models and Hospital Design on the Hand Hygiene of Health-Care Workers

Mary G. Lankford*†, Teresa R. Zembower‡, William E. Trick§, Donna M. Hacek*†, Gary A. Noskin*†‡, and Lance R. Peterson*†‡Comments to Author 
Author affiliations: *Northwestern Prevention Epicenter, Chicago, Illinois, USA; †Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; ‡Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA; §Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Main Article

Table 1

Definitions used to determine hand-hygiene opportunities, patient contact, and invasive proceduresa

Hand-hygiene opportunities Patient contact Invasive procedures
Patient contact
Contact with patient’s skin
Phlebotomy
Performance of an invasive procedure
Contact with blood or body fluids
Intravenous or intramuscular injection of a medication
Placement of an intravascular device or urinary catheter
Contact with mucous membranes
Wound care
Visible soiling of hands

Urinary catheterization
Contact with body fluids


Glove removal


Contact with a likely contaminated environmental surface

aPatient contact and invasive procedure are not mutually exclusive categories.

Main Article

Page created: December 07, 2010
Page updated: December 07, 2010
Page reviewed: December 07, 2010
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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