Volume 9, Number 8—August 2003
Research
Invasive Group A Streptococcal Disease: Risk Factors for Adults
Stephanie H. Factor*†
, Orin S. Levine‡, Benjamin Schwartz*, Lee H. Harrison§, Monica M. Farley¶, Allison McGeer#, and Anne Schuchat*
, Orin S. Levine‡, Benjamin Schwartz*, Lee H. Harrison§, Monica M. Farley¶, Allison McGeer#, and Anne Schuchat*Table 3
Individual risk factor and multivariable analysis for risk factors for invasive group A streptococcal disease among case-patients and control subjects matched on age and zip code, 18–44 years of age, Atlanta, Baltimore, Toronto, 1997–1999a,b,c
| Univariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable |
Case-patients
(n=48) |
Control subjects
(n=115) |
OR (95% CI) |
p value |
OR (95% CI) |
p value |
| Number of
persons
living in the
home |
||||||
| 3+
1–2 |
38 (79)
10 (21) |
80 (70)
35 (30) |
1.91 (0.81 to 4.47) |
0.14 |
||
| Smoke expo-
sure |
||||||
| Current smoker with passive smoke exposure |
6 (13) |
17 (15) |
1.04 (0.32 to 3.37) |
0.95 |
||
| Current smoker without passive smoke exposure |
12 (25) |
16 (14) |
2.35 (0.85 to 6.48) |
0.86 |
||
| Passive smoke exposure |
6 (13) |
12 (10) |
1.82 (0.57 to 5.82) |
0.31 |
||
| No smoke exposure |
24 (50) |
70 (61) |
1.00 |
|||
| Any child <18
years living in the
home |
||||||
| Yes
No |
30 (63)
18 (37) |
68 (59)
47 (41) |
1.25 (0.59 to 2.64) |
0.57 |
||
| >1 Child with sore
throat in the family |
||||||
| Yes
No |
7 (15)
41 (85) |
7 (6)
108 (94) |
2.75 (0.87 to 8.70) |
0.09 |
4.93 (1.24 to 19.68) |
0.02 |
| Diabetes mellitis |
||||||
| Yes
No |
6 (13)
40 (87) |
5 (4)
107 (96) |
2.11 (0.63 to 7.10) |
0.23 |
||
| Cancer |
||||||
| Yes
No |
0
47 (100) |
3 (3)
108 (97) |
0 |
0.99 |
||
| Varicella |
||||||
| Yes
No |
0
48 (100) |
0
115 (100) |
||||
| Cirrhosis |
||||||
| Yes
No |
0
48 (100) |
0
115 (100) |
||||
| Paralysis |
||||||
| Yes
No |
1 (2)
47 (98) |
0
115 (100) |
||||
| Regular NSAID
use |
||||||
| Yes
No |
11 (26)
32 (74) |
31 (28)
78 (72) |
.97 (0.42 to 2.23) |
0.93 |
||
| New use of
NSAIDs |
||||||
| Yes
No |
9 (19)
34 (81) |
10 (9)
100 (91) |
2.15 (0.79 to 5.80) |
0.13 |
||
| Use of cortico-
steroids |
||||||
| Yes
No |
0
44 (100) |
3 (3)
109 (97) |
0 |
0.99 |
||
| HIV+ |
||||||
| Yes
No |
7 (15)
39 (85) |
1 (1)
110 (99) |
12.66 (1.47 to 108.92) |
0.02 |
15.01 (1.09 to 207.30) |
.04 |
| Ever injected
drugs |
||||||
| Yes
No |
10 (22)
36 (78) |
3 (3)
110 (97) |
11.80 (2.46 to 56.66) |
0.002 |
14.71 (2.52 to 85.70) |
.003 |
| Alcohol use
(based on
CAGE questions)d |
||||||
| CAGE score 0 CAGE score 1 CAGE score 2 CAGE score 3 CAGE score 4 | 28 (72) 5 (13) 0 5 (13) 1 (3) | 57 (68) 22 (26) 3 (4) 2 (2) 0 | 1.14 (0.69 to 1.89) | 0.62 | ||
aOR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NSAID, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug.
bDue to missing data, for some variables, data for fewer than 48 case-patients and 115 control subjects were available.
cAnalyses controlled for race and sex.
dSource (7).
