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Volume 20, Number 7—July 2014
Research

Independent Lineages of Highly Sulfadoxine-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum Haplotypes, Eastern Africa

Steve M. TaylorComments to Author , Alejandro L. Antonia1, Whitney E. Harrington, Morgan M. Goheen, Victor Mwapasa, Ebbie Chaluluka, Michal Fried, Edward Kabyemela, Mwayi Madanitsa, Carole Khairallah, Linda Kalilani-Phiri, Antoinette K. Tshefu, Stephen J. Rogerson, Feiko O. ter Kuile, Patrick E. Duffy, and Steven R. Meshnick
Author affiliations: Author affiliations: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA (S.M. Taylor); University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.M. Taylor, A.L. Antonia, M.M. Goheen, S.R. Meshnick); Seattle Children’s Hospital/University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA (W.E. Harrington); College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi (V. Mwapasa, E. Chaluluka, M. Madanitsa, L. Kalilani-Phiri); National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (M. Fried. P.E. Duffy); Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle (E. Kabyemela); Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK (C. Khairallah, F.O. ter Kuile); University of Kinshasa, Kinshasha, Democratic Republic of the Congo (A.K. Tshefu); University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (S.J. Rogerson); University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.O. ter Kuile)

Main Article

Table

Pairwise ΦPT values and Nei genetic distances among major Plasmodium falciparum dhps haplotypes by year, Malawi*

Haplotype, year SAKA, 1997–1999 SAKA, 2000–2003 SGEA, 1997–1999 SGEA, 2000–2003 SGEA, 2004–2005 SGEA, 2010 SGEG, 2010
SAKA, 1997–1999 0.251 0.470 0.693 0.818 1.095 1.044
SAKA, 2000–2003 0 0.362 0.264 0.200 0.350 0.162
SGEA, 1997–1999 0.249 0.331 0.02 0.073 0.429 0.246
SGEA, 2000–2003 0.295 0.347 0.008 0.016 0.302 0.096
SGEA, 2004–2005 0.318 0.404 0.065 0.030 0.300 0.049
SGEA, 2010 0.299 0.380 0.298 0.243 0.237 0.031
SGEG, 2010 0.243 0.299 0.202 0.155 0.082 0.015

*Values for dhps haplotypes are defined by amino acids at codons 436, 437, 540, and 581. Mutant amino acids are underlined and in bold. Pairwise ΦPT values are shown below the diagonal; values in bold have a p value <0.05 (after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons) based on 999 permutations. Nei unbiased genetic distances are shown above the diagonal.

Main Article

1Current affiliation: Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Page created: June 17, 2014
Page updated: June 17, 2014
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