Skip directly to search Skip directly to A to Z list Skip directly to page options Skip directly to site content

Emerging Infectious Diseases journal

Synopses

  • Medscape CME Activity
    Human Pegivirus in Patients with Encephalitis of Unclear Etiology, Poland PDF Version[PDF - 2.84 MB - 10 pages]
    I. Bukowska-Ośko et al.
        View Abstract

    Human pegivirus (HPgV), previously called hepatitis G virus or GB virus C, is a lymphotropic virus with undefined pathology. Because many viruses from the family Flaviviridae, to which HPgV belongs, are neurotropic, we studied whether HPgV could infect the central nervous system. We tested serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from 96 patients with a diagnosis of encephalitis for a variety of pathogens by molecular methods and serology; we also tested for autoantibodies against neuronal antigens. We found HPgV in serum and cerebrospinal fluid from 3 patients who had encephalitis of unclear origin; that is, all the markers that had been tested were negative. Single-strand confirmation polymorphism and next-generation sequencing analysis revealed differences between the serum and cerebrospinal fluid–derived viral sequences, which is compatible with the presence of a separate HPgV compartment in the central nervous system. It is unclear whether HPgV was directly responsible for encephalitis in these patients.

        Cite This Article
    EID Bukowska-Ośko I, Perlejewski K, Pawełczyk A, Rydzanicz M, Pollak A, Popiel M, et al. Human Pegivirus in Patients with Encephalitis of Unclear Etiology, Poland. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1785-1794. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180161
    AMA Bukowska-Ośko I, Perlejewski K, Pawełczyk A, et al. Human Pegivirus in Patients with Encephalitis of Unclear Etiology, Poland. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1785-1794. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180161.
    APA Bukowska-Ośko, I., Perlejewski, K., Pawełczyk, A., Rydzanicz, M., Pollak, A., Popiel, M....Laskus, T. (2018). Human Pegivirus in Patients with Encephalitis of Unclear Etiology, Poland. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1785-1794. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180161.
        Email Email this Article

Research

  • Molecular Evolution, Diversity, and Adaptation of Influenza A(H7N9) Viruses in China PDF Version[PDF - 3.25 MB - 11 pages]
    C. Ke et al.
        View Abstract

    The substantial increase in prevalence and emergence of antigenically divergent or highly pathogenic influenza A(H7N9) viruses during 2016–17 raises concerns about the epizootic potential of these viruses. We investigated the evolution and adaptation of H7N9 viruses by analyzing available data and newly generated virus sequences isolated in Guangdong Province, China, during 2015–2017. Phylogenetic analyses showed that circulating H7N9 viruses belong to distinct lineages with differing spatial distributions. Hemagglutination inhibition assays performed on serum samples from patients infected with these viruses identified 3 antigenic clusters for 16 strains of different virus lineages. We used ancestral sequence reconstruction to identify parallel amino acid changes on multiple separate lineages. We inferred that mutations in hemagglutinin occur primarily at sites involved in receptor recognition or antigenicity. Our results indicate that highly pathogenic strains likely emerged from viruses circulating in eastern Guangdong Province during March 2016 and are associated with a high rate of adaptive molecular evolution.

        Cite This Article
    EID Ke C, Raghwani J, Pryce R, Bowden TA, Thézé J, Huang S, et al. Molecular Evolution, Diversity, and Adaptation of Influenza A(H7N9) Viruses in China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1795-1805. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.171063
    AMA Ke C, Raghwani J, Pryce R, et al. Molecular Evolution, Diversity, and Adaptation of Influenza A(H7N9) Viruses in China. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1795-1805. doi:10.3201/eid2410.171063.
    APA Ke, C., Raghwani, J., Pryce, R., Bowden, T. A., Thézé, J., Huang, S....Pybus, O. G. (2018). Molecular Evolution, Diversity, and Adaptation of Influenza A(H7N9) Viruses in China. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1795-1805. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.171063.
        Email Email this Article
  • Tuberculosis Treatment Monitoring by Video Directly Observed Therapy in 5 Health Districts, California, USA PDF Version[PDF - 1.11 MB - 10 pages]
    R. S. Garfein et al.
        View Abstract

    We assessed video directly observed therapy (VDOT) for monitoring tuberculosis treatment in 5 health districts in California, USA, to compare adherence between 174 patients using VDOT and 159 patients using in-person directly observed therapy (DOT). Multivariable linear regression analyses identified participant-reported sociodemographics, risk behaviors, and treatment experience associated with adherence. Median participant age was 44 (range 18–87) years; 61% of participants were male. Median fraction of expected doses observed (FEDO) among VDOT participants was higher (93.0% [interquartile range (IQR) 83.4%–97.1%]) than among patients receiving DOT (66.4% [IQR 55.1%–89.3%]). Most participants (96%) would recommend VDOT to others; 90% preferred VDOT over DOT. Lower FEDO was independently associated with US or Mexico birth, shorter VDOT duration, finding VDOT difficult, frequently taking medications while away from home, and having video-recording problems (p<0.05). VDOT cost 32% (range 6%–46%) less than DOT. VDOT was feasible, acceptable, and achieved high adherence at lower cost than DOT.

        Cite This Article
    EID Garfein RS, Liu L, Cuevas-Mota J, Collins K, Muñoz F, Catanzaro DG, et al. Tuberculosis Treatment Monitoring by Video Directly Observed Therapy in 5 Health Districts, California, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1806-1815. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180459
    AMA Garfein RS, Liu L, Cuevas-Mota J, et al. Tuberculosis Treatment Monitoring by Video Directly Observed Therapy in 5 Health Districts, California, USA. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1806-1815. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180459.
    APA Garfein, R. S., Liu, L., Cuevas-Mota, J., Collins, K., Muñoz, F., Catanzaro, D. G....Raab, F. (2018). Tuberculosis Treatment Monitoring by Video Directly Observed Therapy in 5 Health Districts, California, USA. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1806-1815. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180459.
        Email Email this Article
  • Candida auris in Healthcare Facilities, New York, USA, 2013–2017 PDF Version[PDF - 1.11 MB - 9 pages]
    E. Adams et al.
        View Abstract

    Candida auris is an emerging yeast that causes healthcare-associated infections. It can be misidentified by laboratories and often is resistant to antifungal medications. We describe an outbreak of C. auris infections in healthcare facilities in New York City, New York, USA. The investigation included laboratory surveillance, record reviews, site visits, contact tracing with cultures, and environmental sampling. We identified 51 clinical case-patients and 61 screening case-patients. Epidemiologic links indicated a large, interconnected web of affected healthcare facilities throughout New York City. Of the 51 clinical case-patients, 23 (45%) died within 90 days and isolates were resistant to fluconazole for 50 (98%). Of screening cultures performed for 572 persons (1,136 total cultures), results were C. auris positive for 61 (11%) persons. Environmental cultures were positive for samples from 15 of 20 facilities. Colonization was frequently identified during contact investigations; environmental contamination was also common.

        Cite This Article
    EID Adams E, Quinn M, Tsay S, Poirot E, Chaturvedi S, Southwick K, et al. Candida auris in Healthcare Facilities, New York, USA, 2013–2017. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1816-1824. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180649
    AMA Adams E, Quinn M, Tsay S, et al. Candida auris in Healthcare Facilities, New York, USA, 2013–2017. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1816-1824. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180649.
    APA Adams, E., Quinn, M., Tsay, S., Poirot, E., Chaturvedi, S., Southwick, K....Workgroup, C. (2018). Candida auris in Healthcare Facilities, New York, USA, 2013–2017. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1816-1824. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180649.
        Email Email this Article
  • Frequent Genetic Mismatch between Vaccine Strains and Circulating Seasonal Influenza Viruses, Hong Kong, China, 1996–2012 PDF Version[PDF - 2.91 MB - 10 pages]
    M. Chan et al.
        View Abstract

    The World Health Organization selects influenza vaccine compositions biannually to cater to peaks in temperate regions. In tropical and subtropical regions, where influenza seasonality varies and epidemics can occur year-round, the choice of vaccine remains uncertain. Our 17-year molecular epidemiologic survey showed that most influenza A(H3N2) (9/11) and B (6/7) vaccine strains had circulated in East Asia >1 year before inclusion into vaccines. Northern Hemisphere vaccine strains and circulating strains in East Asia were closely matched in 7 (20.6%) of 34 seasons for H3N2 and 5 (14.7%) of 34 seasons for B. Southern Hemisphere vaccines also had a low probability of matching (H3N2, 14.7%; B, 11.1%). Strain drift among seasons was common (H3N2, 41.2%; B, 35.3%), and biannual vaccination strategy (Northern Hemisphere vaccines in November followed by Southern Hemisphere vaccines in May) did not improve matching. East Asia is an important contributor to influenza surveillance but often has mismatch between vaccine and contemporarily circulating strains.

        Cite This Article
    EID Chan M, Wang MH, Chen Z, Hui D, Kwok AK, Yeung A, et al. Frequent Genetic Mismatch between Vaccine Strains and Circulating Seasonal Influenza Viruses, Hong Kong, China, 1996–2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1825-1834. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180652
    AMA Chan M, Wang MH, Chen Z, et al. Frequent Genetic Mismatch between Vaccine Strains and Circulating Seasonal Influenza Viruses, Hong Kong, China, 1996–2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1825-1834. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180652.
    APA Chan, M., Wang, M. H., Chen, Z., Hui, D., Kwok, A. K., Yeung, A....Chan, P. (2018). Frequent Genetic Mismatch between Vaccine Strains and Circulating Seasonal Influenza Viruses, Hong Kong, China, 1996–2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1825-1834. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180652.
        Email Email this Article
  • Mapping Histoplasma capsulatum Exposure, United States PDF Version[PDF - 1.55 MB - 5 pages]
    A. W. Maiga et al.
        View Abstract

    Maps of Histoplasma capsulatum infection prevalence were created 50 years ago; since then, the environment, climate, and anthropogenic land use have changed drastically. Recent outbreaks of acute disease in Montana and Nebraska, USA, suggest shifts in geographic distribution, necessitating updated prevalence maps. To create a weighted overlay geographic suitability model for Histoplasma, we used a geographic information system to combine satellite imagery integrating land cover use (70%), distance to water (20%), and soil pH (10%). We used logistic regression modeling to compare our map with state-level histoplasmosis incidence data from a 5% sample from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. When compared with the state-based Centers data, the predictive accuracy of the suitability score–predicted states with high and mid-to-high histoplasmosis incidence was moderate. Preferred soil environments for Histoplasma have migrated into the upper Missouri River basin. Suitability score mapping may be applicable to other geographically specific infectious vectors.

        Cite This Article
    EID Maiga AW, Deppen S, Scaffidi B, Baddley J, Aldrich MC, Dittus RS, et al. Mapping Histoplasma capsulatum Exposure, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1835-1839. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180032
    AMA Maiga AW, Deppen S, Scaffidi B, et al. Mapping Histoplasma capsulatum Exposure, United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1835-1839. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180032.
    APA Maiga, A. W., Deppen, S., Scaffidi, B., Baddley, J., Aldrich, M. C., Dittus, R. S....Grogan, E. L. (2018). Mapping Histoplasma capsulatum Exposure, United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1835-1839. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180032.
        Email Email this Article
  • Transmission Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A(H5Nx) Clade 2.3.4.4, North America, 2014–2015 PDF Version[PDF - 2.12 MB - 9 pages]
    D. Lee et al.
        View Abstract

    Eurasia highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5 clade 2.3.4.4 emerged in North America at the end of 2014 and caused outbreaks affecting >50 million poultry in the United States before eradication in June 2015. We investigated the underlying ecologic and epidemiologic processes associated with this viral spread by performing a comparative genomic study using 268 full-length genome sequences and data from outbreak investigations. Reassortant HPAIV H5N2 circulated in wild birds along the Pacific flyway before several spillover events transmitting the virus to poultry farms. Our analysis suggests that >3 separate introductions of HPAIV H5N2 into Midwest states occurred during March–June 2015; transmission to Midwest poultry farms from Pacific wild birds occurred ≈1.7–2.4 months before detection. Once established in poultry, the virus rapidly spread between turkey and chicken farms in neighboring states. Enhanced biosecurity is required to prevent the introduction and dissemination of HPAIV across the poultry industry.

        Cite This Article
    EID Lee D, Torchetti M, Hicks J, Killian M, Bahl J, Pantin-Jackwood M, et al. Transmission Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A(H5Nx) Clade 2.3.4.4, North America, 2014–2015. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1840-1848. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.171891
    AMA Lee D, Torchetti M, Hicks J, et al. Transmission Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A(H5Nx) Clade 2.3.4.4, North America, 2014–2015. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1840-1848. doi:10.3201/eid2410.171891.
    APA Lee, D., Torchetti, M., Hicks, J., Killian, M., Bahl, J., Pantin-Jackwood, M....Swayne, D. E. (2018). Transmission Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A(H5Nx) Clade 2.3.4.4, North America, 2014–2015. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1840-1848. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.171891.
        Email Email this Article
  • Zika Virus Infection during Pregnancy and Effects on Early Childhood Development, French Polynesia, 2013–2016 PDF Version[PDF - 878 KB - 9 pages]
    L. Subissi et al.
        View Abstract

    Congenital Zika virus syndrome consists of a large spectrum of neurologic abnormalities seen in infants infected with Zika virus in utero. However, little is known about the effects of Zika virus intrauterine infection on the neurocognitive development of children born without birth defects. Using a case-control study design, we investigated the temporal association of a cluster of congenital defects with Zika virus infection. In a nested study, we also assessed the early childhood development of children recruited in the initial study as controls who were born without known birth defects,. We found evidence for an association of congenital defects with both maternal Zika virus seropositivity (time of infection unknown) and symptomatic Zika virus infection during pregnancy. Although the early childhood development assessment found no excess burden of developmental delay associated with maternal Zika virus infection, larger, longer-term studies are needed.

        Cite This Article
    EID Subissi L, Dub T, Besnard M, Mariteragi-Helle T, Nhan T, Lutringer-Magnin D, et al. Zika Virus Infection during Pregnancy and Effects on Early Childhood Development, French Polynesia, 2013–2016. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1850-1858. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.172079
    AMA Subissi L, Dub T, Besnard M, et al. Zika Virus Infection during Pregnancy and Effects on Early Childhood Development, French Polynesia, 2013–2016. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1850-1858. doi:10.3201/eid2410.172079.
    APA Subissi, L., Dub, T., Besnard, M., Mariteragi-Helle, T., Nhan, T., Lutringer-Magnin, D....Mallet, H. (2018). Zika Virus Infection during Pregnancy and Effects on Early Childhood Development, French Polynesia, 2013–2016. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1850-1858. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.172079.
        Email Email this Article
  • Evaluation of Effectiveness of a Community-Based Intervention for Control of Dengue Virus Vector, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso PDF Version[PDF - 2.13 MB - 9 pages]
    S. Ouédraogo et al.
        View Abstract

    We evaluated the effectiveness of a community-based intervention for dengue vector control in Ouagadougou, the capital city of Burkina Faso. Households in the intervention (n = 287) and control (n = 289) neighborhoods were randomly sampled and the outcomes collected before the intervention (October 2015) and after the intervention (October 2016). The intervention reduced residents’ exposure to dengue vector bites (vector saliva biomarker difference −0.08 [95% CI −0.11 to −0.04]). The pupae index declined in the intervention neighborhood (from 162.14 to 99.03) and increased in the control neighborhood (from 218.72 to 255.67). Residents in the intervention neighborhood were less likely to associate dengue with malaria (risk ratio 0.70 [95% CI 0.58–0.84]) and had increased knowledge about dengue symptoms (risk ratio 1.44 [95% CI 1.22–1.69]). Our study showed that well-planned, evidence/community-based interventions that control exposure to dengue vectors are feasible and effective in urban settings in Africa that have limited resources.

        Cite This Article
    EID Ouédraogo S, Benmarhnia T, Bonnet E, Somé P, Barro AS, Kafando Y, et al. Evaluation of Effectiveness of a Community-Based Intervention for Control of Dengue Virus Vector, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1859-1867. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180069
    AMA Ouédraogo S, Benmarhnia T, Bonnet E, et al. Evaluation of Effectiveness of a Community-Based Intervention for Control of Dengue Virus Vector, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1859-1867. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180069.
    APA Ouédraogo, S., Benmarhnia, T., Bonnet, E., Somé, P., Barro, A. S., Kafando, Y....Ridde, V. (2018). Evaluation of Effectiveness of a Community-Based Intervention for Control of Dengue Virus Vector, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1859-1867. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180069.
        Email Email this Article
  • Evaluation of Nowcasting for Detecting and Predicting Local Influenza Epidemics, Sweden, 2009–2014 PDF Version[PDF - 1008 KB - 6 pages]
    A. Spreco et al.
        View Abstract

    The growing availability of big data in healthcare and public health opens possibilities for infectious disease control in local settings. We prospectively evaluated a method for integrated local detection and prediction (nowcasting) of influenza epidemics over 5 years, using the total population in Östergötland County, Sweden. We used routine health information system data on influenza-diagnosis cases and syndromic telenursing data for July 2009–June 2014 to evaluate epidemic detection, peak-timing prediction, and peak-intensity prediction. Detection performance was satisfactory throughout the period, except for the 2011–12 influenza A(H3N2) season, which followed a season with influenza B and pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus activity. Peak-timing prediction performance was satisfactory for the 4 influenza seasons but not the pandemic. Peak-intensity levels were correctly categorized for the pandemic and 2 of 4 influenza seasons. We recommend using versions of this method modified with regard to local use context for further evaluations using standard methods.

        Cite This Article
    EID Spreco A, Eriksson O, Dahlström Ö, Cowling B, Timpka T. Evaluation of Nowcasting for Detecting and Predicting Local Influenza Epidemics, Sweden, 2009–2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1868-1873. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.171940
    AMA Spreco A, Eriksson O, Dahlström Ö, et al. Evaluation of Nowcasting for Detecting and Predicting Local Influenza Epidemics, Sweden, 2009–2014. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1868-1873. doi:10.3201/eid2410.171940.
    APA Spreco, A., Eriksson, O., Dahlström, Ö., Cowling, B., & Timpka, T. (2018). Evaluation of Nowcasting for Detecting and Predicting Local Influenza Epidemics, Sweden, 2009–2014. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1868-1873. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.171940.
        Email Email this Article
  • Rapid Increase in Carriage Rates of Enterobacteriaceae Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Healthy Preschool Children, Sweden PDF Version[PDF - 1.14 MB - 8 pages]
    J. Kaarme et al.
        View Abstract

    By collecting and analyzing diapers, we identified a >6-fold increase in carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Enterobacteriaceae for healthy preschool children in Sweden (p<0.0001). For 6 of the 50 participating preschools, the carriage rate was >40%. We analyzed samples from 334 children and found 56 containing >1 ESBL producer. The prevalence in the study population increased from 2.6% in 2010 to 16.8% in 2016 (p<0.0001), and for 6 of the 50 participating preschools, the carriage rate was >40%. Furthermore, 58% of the ESBL producers were multidrug resistant, and transmission of ESBL-producing and non–ESBL-producing strains was observed at several of the preschools. Toddlers appear to be major carriers of ESBL producers in Sweden.

        Cite This Article
    EID Kaarme J, Riedel H, Schaal W, Yin H, Nevéus T, Melhus Å, et al. Rapid Increase in Carriage Rates of Enterobacteriaceae Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Healthy Preschool Children, Sweden. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1874-1881. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.171842
    AMA Kaarme J, Riedel H, Schaal W, et al. Rapid Increase in Carriage Rates of Enterobacteriaceae Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Healthy Preschool Children, Sweden. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1874-1881. doi:10.3201/eid2410.171842.
    APA Kaarme, J., Riedel, H., Schaal, W., Yin, H., Nevéus, T., & Melhus, Å. (2018). Rapid Increase in Carriage Rates of Enterobacteriaceae Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Healthy Preschool Children, Sweden. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1874-1881. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.171842.
        Email Email this Article
  • Medscape CME Activity
    Influenza Transmission Dynamics in Urban Households, Managua, Nicaragua, 2012–2014 PDF Version[PDF - 686 KB - 7 pages]
    A. Gordon et al.
        View Abstract

    During August 2012–November 2014, we conducted a case ascertainment study to investigate household transmission of influenza virus in Managua, Nicaragua. We collected up to 5 respiratory swab samples from each of 536 household contacts of 133 influenza virus–infected persons and assessed for evidence of influenza virus transmission. The overall risk for influenza virus infection of household contacts was 15.7% (95% CI 12.7%–19.0%). Oseltamivir treatment of index patients did not appear to reduce household transmission. The mean serial interval for within-household transmission was 3.1 (95% CI 1.6–8.4) days. We found the transmissibility of influenza B virus to be higher than that of influenza A virus among children. Compared with households with <4 household contacts, those with >4 household contacts appeared to have a reduced risk for infection. Further research is needed to model household influenza virus transmission and design interventions for these settings.

        Cite This Article
    EID Gordon A, Tsang TK, Cowling BJ, Kuan G, Ojeda S, Sanchez N, et al. Influenza Transmission Dynamics in Urban Households, Managua, Nicaragua, 2012–2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1882-1888. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.161258
    AMA Gordon A, Tsang TK, Cowling BJ, et al. Influenza Transmission Dynamics in Urban Households, Managua, Nicaragua, 2012–2014. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1882-1888. doi:10.3201/eid2410.161258.
    APA Gordon, A., Tsang, T. K., Cowling, B. J., Kuan, G., Ojeda, S., Sanchez, N....Harris, E. (2018). Influenza Transmission Dynamics in Urban Households, Managua, Nicaragua, 2012–2014. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1882-1888. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.161258.
        Email Email this Article
  • Non-cyp51A Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates with Mutation in HMG-CoA Reductase PDF Version[PDF - 2.67 MB - 9 pages]
    D. Hagiwara et al.
        View Abstract

    The recent increase in azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus is a global concern. Identifying the mutations that confer azole resistance is essential for developing novel methods for prompt diagnosis and effective drug treatment. We screened A. fumigatus clinical isolates for novel mutations conferring azole resistance. We compared the genomic sequences of susceptible and resistant isolates without mutations in cyp51A (non-cyp51A) and found mutations in hmg1 and erg6 involved in ergosterol biosynthesis. We also found the novel mutations in these genes in azole-resistant isolates with different genetic backgrounds. The resistant isolates with mutations in hmg1 showed increased intracellular ergosterol levels compared with susceptible isolates. This finding supports the concept that the ergosterol level is a determinant for resistance to any class of azoles. Multiple isolates with increased resistance to azole possessed a mutation in hmg1, indicating that this mutation is widely present in non-cyp51A azole-resistant A. fumigatus.

        Cite This Article
    EID Hagiwara D, Arai T, Takahashi H, Kusuya Y, Watanabe A, Kamei K, et al. Non-cyp51A Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates with Mutation in HMG-CoA Reductase. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1889-1897. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180730
    AMA Hagiwara D, Arai T, Takahashi H, et al. Non-cyp51A Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates with Mutation in HMG-CoA Reductase. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1889-1897. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180730.
    APA Hagiwara, D., Arai, T., Takahashi, H., Kusuya, Y., Watanabe, A., & Kamei, K. (2018). Non-cyp51A Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates with Mutation in HMG-CoA Reductase. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1889-1897. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180730.
        Email Email this Article

Dispatches

  • Multilocus Sequence Typing of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Japan, 2002–2016 PDF Version[PDF - 800 KB - 7 pages]
    M. Ando et al.
        View Abstract

    In Japan, Mycoplasma pneumoniae resistance to macrolides is high. To compare sequence types (STs) of susceptible and resistant isolates, we performed multilocus sequence typing for 417 isolates obtained in Japan during 2002–2016. The most prevalent ST overall was ST3, for macrolide-resistant was ST19, and for macrolide-susceptible were ST14 and ST7.

        Cite This Article
    EID Ando M, Morozumi M, Adachi Y, Ubukata K, Iwata S. Multilocus Sequence Typing of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Japan, 2002–2016. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1895-1901. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.171194
    AMA Ando M, Morozumi M, Adachi Y, et al. Multilocus Sequence Typing of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Japan, 2002–2016. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1895-1901. doi:10.3201/eid2410.171194.
    APA Ando, M., Morozumi, M., Adachi, Y., Ubukata, K., & Iwata, S. (2018). Multilocus Sequence Typing of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Japan, 2002–2016. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1895-1901. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.171194.
        Email Email this Article
  • Emerging Enteroviruses Causing Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease, China, 2010–2016 PDF Version[PDF - 1.01 MB - 5 pages]
    Y. Li et al.
        View Abstract

    Coxsackievirus A6 emerged as one of the predominant causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease epidemics in many provinces of China in 2013 and 2015. This virus strain accounted for 25.9% of mild and 15.2% of severe cases in 2013 and 25.8% of mild and 16.9% of severe cases in 2015.

        Cite This Article
    EID Li Y, Chang Z, Wu P, Liao Q, Liu F, Zheng Y, et al. Emerging Enteroviruses Causing Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease, China, 2010–2016. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1902-1906. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.171953
    AMA Li Y, Chang Z, Wu P, et al. Emerging Enteroviruses Causing Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease, China, 2010–2016. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1902-1906. doi:10.3201/eid2410.171953.
    APA Li, Y., Chang, Z., Wu, P., Liao, Q., Liu, F., Zheng, Y....Cowling, B. J. (2018). Emerging Enteroviruses Causing Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease, China, 2010–2016. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1902-1906. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.171953.
        Email Email this Article
  • Cronobacter spp. in Common Breast Milk Substitutes, Bogotá, Colombia PDF Version[PDF - 2.03 MB - 3 pages]
    M. Morato-Rodríguez et al.
        View Abstract

    In Bogotá, Colombia, a large number of babies are fed with breast milk substitutes made from corn and plantain starch. We found 34.3% of tested samples to be contaminated with Cronobacter spp.; C. sakazakii was the most recovered species. Our findings underscore the risk for contamination of breast milk substitutes.

        Cite This Article
    EID Morato-Rodríguez M, Velandia-Rodríguez D, Castañeda S, Crosby M, Vera H. Cronobacter spp. in Common Breast Milk Substitutes, Bogotá, Colombia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1907-1909. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.172021
    AMA Morato-Rodríguez M, Velandia-Rodríguez D, Castañeda S, et al. Cronobacter spp. in Common Breast Milk Substitutes, Bogotá, Colombia. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1907-1909. doi:10.3201/eid2410.172021.
    APA Morato-Rodríguez, M., Velandia-Rodríguez, D., Castañeda, S., Crosby, M., & Vera, H. (2018). Cronobacter spp. in Common Breast Milk Substitutes, Bogotá, Colombia. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1907-1909. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.172021.
        Email Email this Article
  • Effectiveness of Whole, Inactivated, Low Pathogenicity Influenza A(H7N9) Vaccine against Antigenically Distinct, Highly Pathogenic H7N9 Virus PDF Version[PDF - 2.61 MB - 4 pages]
    M. Hatta et al.
        View Abstract

    The recent emergence of highly pathogenic influenza A(H7N9) variants poses a great risk to humans. We show that ferrets vaccinated with low pathogenicity H7N9 virus vaccine do not develop severe symptoms after infection with an antigenically distinct, highly pathogenic H7N9 virus. These results demonstrate the protective benefits of this H7N9 vaccine.

        Cite This Article
    EID Hatta M, Zhong G, Chiba S, Lopes T, Neumann G, Kawaoka Y, et al. Effectiveness of Whole, Inactivated, Low Pathogenicity Influenza A(H7N9) Vaccine against Antigenically Distinct, Highly Pathogenic H7N9 Virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1910-1913. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180403
    AMA Hatta M, Zhong G, Chiba S, et al. Effectiveness of Whole, Inactivated, Low Pathogenicity Influenza A(H7N9) Vaccine against Antigenically Distinct, Highly Pathogenic H7N9 Virus. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1910-1913. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180403.
    APA Hatta, M., Zhong, G., Chiba, S., Lopes, T., Neumann, G., & Kawaoka, Y. (2018). Effectiveness of Whole, Inactivated, Low Pathogenicity Influenza A(H7N9) Vaccine against Antigenically Distinct, Highly Pathogenic H7N9 Virus. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1910-1913. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180403.
        Email Email this Article
  • Two Community Clusters of Legionnaires’ Disease Directly Linked to a Biologic Wastewater Treatment Plant, the Netherlands PDF Version[PDF - 1.70 MB - 5 pages]
    A. D. Loenenbach et al.
        View Abstract

    A biologic wastewater treatment plant was identified as a common source for 2 consecutive Legionnaires’ disease clusters in the Netherlands in 2016 and 2017. Sequence typing and transmission modeling indicated direct and long-distance transmission of Legionella, indicating this source type should also be investigated in sporadic Legionnaires’ disease cases.

        Cite This Article
    EID Loenenbach AD, Beulens C, Euser SM, van Leuken J, Bom B, van der Hoek W, et al. Two Community Clusters of Legionnaires’ Disease Directly Linked to a Biologic Wastewater Treatment Plant, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1914-1918. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180906
    AMA Loenenbach AD, Beulens C, Euser SM, et al. Two Community Clusters of Legionnaires’ Disease Directly Linked to a Biologic Wastewater Treatment Plant, the Netherlands. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1914-1918. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180906.
    APA Loenenbach, A. D., Beulens, C., Euser, S. M., van Leuken, J., Bom, B., van der Hoek, W....Brandsema, P. S. (2018). Two Community Clusters of Legionnaires’ Disease Directly Linked to a Biologic Wastewater Treatment Plant, the Netherlands. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1914-1918. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180906.
        Email Email this Article
  • Rapid Spread of Pneumococcal Nonvaccine Serotype 7C Previously Associated with Vaccine Serotype 19F, England and Wales PDF Version[PDF - 790 KB - 4 pages]
    A. Makwana et al.
        View Abstract

    We observed a sudden and rapid increase in rare invasive pneumococcal disease serotype 7C, from an annual average of 3 cases during 2000–01 through 2015–16 to 29 cases in 2016–17. The increase was caused almost entirely by clonal expansion of sequence type 177, previously associated with vaccine serotype 19F.

        Cite This Article
    EID Makwana A, Ladhani SN, Kapatai G, Campion E, Fry NK, Sheppard C, et al. Rapid Spread of Pneumococcal Nonvaccine Serotype 7C Previously Associated with Vaccine Serotype 19F, England and Wales. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1919-1922. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180114
    AMA Makwana A, Ladhani SN, Kapatai G, et al. Rapid Spread of Pneumococcal Nonvaccine Serotype 7C Previously Associated with Vaccine Serotype 19F, England and Wales. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1919-1922. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180114.
    APA Makwana, A., Ladhani, S. N., Kapatai, G., Campion, E., Fry, N. K., & Sheppard, C. (2018). Rapid Spread of Pneumococcal Nonvaccine Serotype 7C Previously Associated with Vaccine Serotype 19F, England and Wales. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1919-1922. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180114.
        Email Email this Article
  • Acute Encephalitis with Atypical Presentation of Rubella in Family Cluster, India PDF Version[PDF - 507 KB - 3 pages]
    S. D. Bharadwaj et al.
        View Abstract

    We report 3 atypical rubella cases in a family cluster in India. The index case-patient showed only mild febrile illness, whereas the other 2 patients showed acute encephalitis and died of the disease. We confirmed rubella in the index and third cases using next-generation sequencing and IgM.

        Cite This Article
    EID Bharadwaj SD, Sahay RR, Yadav PD, Dhanawade S, Basu A, Meena VK, et al. Acute Encephalitis with Atypical Presentation of Rubella in Family Cluster, India. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1923-1925. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180053
    AMA Bharadwaj SD, Sahay RR, Yadav PD, et al. Acute Encephalitis with Atypical Presentation of Rubella in Family Cluster, India. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1923-1925. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180053.
    APA Bharadwaj, S. D., Sahay, R. R., Yadav, P. D., Dhanawade, S., Basu, A., Meena, V. K....Sapkal, G. N. (2018). Acute Encephalitis with Atypical Presentation of Rubella in Family Cluster, India. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1923-1925. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180053.
        Email Email this Article
  • Influenza C Virus in Cattle with Respiratory Disease, United States, 2016–2018 PDF Version[PDF - 830 KB - 4 pages]
    H. Zhang et al.
        View Abstract

    We identified influenza C virus (ICV) in samples from US cattle with bovine respiratory disease through real-time PCR testing and sequencing. Bovine ICV isolates had high nucleotide identities (≈98%) with each other and were closely related to human ICV strains (≈95%). Further research is needed to determine bovine ICV’s zoonotic potential.

        Cite This Article
    EID Zhang H, Porter E, Lohman M, Lu N, Peddireddi L, Hanzlicek G, et al. Influenza C Virus in Cattle with Respiratory Disease, United States, 2016–2018. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1926-1929. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180589
    AMA Zhang H, Porter E, Lohman M, et al. Influenza C Virus in Cattle with Respiratory Disease, United States, 2016–2018. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1926-1929. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180589.
    APA Zhang, H., Porter, E., Lohman, M., Lu, N., Peddireddi, L., Hanzlicek, G....Bai, J. (2018). Influenza C Virus in Cattle with Respiratory Disease, United States, 2016–2018. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1926-1929. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180589.
        Email Email this Article
  • Simple Estimates for Local Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection, United States, 2011–2015 PDF Version[PDF - 1.58 MB - 4 pages]
    M. B. Haddad et al.
        View Abstract

    We used tuberculosis genotyping results to derive estimates of prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in the United States. We estimated <1% prevalence in 1,981 US counties, 1%–<3% in 785 counties, and >3% in 377 counties. This method for estimating prevalence could be applied in any jurisdiction with an established tuberculosis surveillance system.

        Cite This Article
    EID Haddad MB, Raz KM, Lash TL, Hill AN, Kammerer J, Winston CA, et al. Simple Estimates for Local Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection, United States, 2011–2015. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1930-1933. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180716
    AMA Haddad MB, Raz KM, Lash TL, et al. Simple Estimates for Local Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection, United States, 2011–2015. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1930-1933. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180716.
    APA Haddad, M. B., Raz, K. M., Lash, T. L., Hill, A. N., Kammerer, J., Winston, C. A....Navin, T. R. (2018). Simple Estimates for Local Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection, United States, 2011–2015. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1930-1933. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180716.
        Email Email this Article
  • Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Refugee Children, Germany PDF Version[PDF - 774 KB - 3 pages]
    S. Perniciaro et al.
    Podcast - Pneumococcal Disease in Refugee Children in Germany
        View Abstract

    Refugee children in Germany are not routinely given a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in 21 refugee children were compared with those in 405 Germany-born children for 3 pneumococcal seasons. Refugee children had significantly higher odds of vaccine-type IPD and multidrug-resistant IPD than did Germany-born children.

        Cite This Article
    EID Perniciaro S, Imöhl M, van der Linden M. Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Refugee Children, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1934-1936. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180253
    AMA Perniciaro S, Imöhl M, van der Linden M. Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Refugee Children, Germany. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1934-1936. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180253.
    APA Perniciaro, S., Imöhl, M., & van der Linden, M. (2018). Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Refugee Children, Germany. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1934-1936. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180253.
        Email Email this Article
  • Mycobacterium caprae Infection in Captive Borneo Elephant, Japan PDF Version[PDF - 1.69 MB - 4 pages]
    S. Yoshida et al.
        View Abstract

    In 2016, disseminated tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium caprae was diagnosed in a captive Borneo elephant in Japan. The bacterium was initially identified from clinical isolates. An isolate collected during a relapse showed isoniazid monoresistance and a codon 315 katG mutation.

        Cite This Article
    EID Yoshida S, Suga S, Ishikawa S, Mukai Y, Tsuyuguchi K, Inoue Y, et al. Mycobacterium caprae Infection in Captive Borneo Elephant, Japan. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1937-1940. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180018
    AMA Yoshida S, Suga S, Ishikawa S, et al. Mycobacterium caprae Infection in Captive Borneo Elephant, Japan. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1937-1940. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180018.
    APA Yoshida, S., Suga, S., Ishikawa, S., Mukai, Y., Tsuyuguchi, K., Inoue, Y....Wada, T. (2018). Mycobacterium caprae Infection in Captive Borneo Elephant, Japan. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1937-1940. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180018.
        Email Email this Article

Research Letters

  • Genetic Diversity and Antimicrobial Drug Resistance of Serotype VI Group B Streptococcus, Canada PDF Version[PDF - 318 KB - 2 pages]
    A. Neemuchwala et al.
        View Abstract

    Two genetically dissimilar sequence type 1 clades dominate the serotype VI group B Streptococcus population of strains causing invasive disease in Canada. Isolates of this rare serotype, recovered mainly from adult patients, were all susceptible to penicillin and vancomycin. However, we observed resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin.

        Cite This Article
    EID Neemuchwala A, Teatero S, Liang L, Martin I, Demzcuk W, McGeer A, et al. Genetic Diversity and Antimicrobial Drug Resistance of Serotype VI Group B Streptococcus, Canada. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1941-1942. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.171711
    AMA Neemuchwala A, Teatero S, Liang L, et al. Genetic Diversity and Antimicrobial Drug Resistance of Serotype VI Group B Streptococcus, Canada. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1941-1942. doi:10.3201/eid2410.171711.
    APA Neemuchwala, A., Teatero, S., Liang, L., Martin, I., Demzcuk, W., McGeer, A....Fittipaldi, N. (2018). Genetic Diversity and Antimicrobial Drug Resistance of Serotype VI Group B Streptococcus, Canada. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1941-1942. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.171711.
        Email Email this Article
  • Psychrobacter sanguinis Wound Infection Associated with Marine Environment Exposure, Washington, USA PDF Version[PDF - 373 KB - 3 pages]
    J. Bonwitt et al.
        View Abstract

    We report a 26-year-old man with Psychrobacter sanguinis cellulitis of a wound sustained during ocean fishing in Washington, USA, in 2017. Psychrobacter spp. are opportunistic pathogens found in a wide range of environments. Clinicians should be aware of Psychrobacter spp. and perform 16S rRNA sequencing if this pathogen is suspected.

        Cite This Article
    EID Bonwitt J, Tran M, Droz A, Gonzalez A, Glover WA. Psychrobacter sanguinis Wound Infection Associated with Marine Environment Exposure, Washington, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1942-1944. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.171821
    AMA Bonwitt J, Tran M, Droz A, et al. Psychrobacter sanguinis Wound Infection Associated with Marine Environment Exposure, Washington, USA. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1942-1944. doi:10.3201/eid2410.171821.
    APA Bonwitt, J., Tran, M., Droz, A., Gonzalez, A., & Glover, W. A. (2018). Psychrobacter sanguinis Wound Infection Associated with Marine Environment Exposure, Washington, USA. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1942-1944. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.171821.
        Email Email this Article
  • Diagnosis of Haemophilus influenzae Pneumonia by Nanopore 16S Amplicon Sequencing of Sputum PDF Version[PDF - 681 KB - 3 pages]
    J. Moon et al.
        View Abstract

    We used deep sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene from sputum to identify Haemophilus influenza in a patient with community-acquired pneumonia. This method may be more effective than conventional diagnostic tests in pneumonia patients because of its speed and sensitivity.

        Cite This Article
    EID Moon J, Jang Y, Kim N, Park W, Park K, Lee S, et al. Diagnosis of Haemophilus influenzae Pneumonia by Nanopore 16S Amplicon Sequencing of Sputum. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1944-1946. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180234
    AMA Moon J, Jang Y, Kim N, et al. Diagnosis of Haemophilus influenzae Pneumonia by Nanopore 16S Amplicon Sequencing of Sputum. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1944-1946. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180234.
    APA Moon, J., Jang, Y., Kim, N., Park, W., Park, K., Lee, S....Chu, K. (2018). Diagnosis of Haemophilus influenzae Pneumonia by Nanopore 16S Amplicon Sequencing of Sputum. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1944-1946. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180234.
        Email Email this Article
  • Revisiting Influenza Vaccination Exemption PDF Version[PDF - 345 KB - 2 pages]
    M. Ryan et al.
        View Abstract

    Serious adverse events after immunizations are rare. We review the case of a man who, 50 years earlier, experienced a serious adverse neurologic event 2 weeks after receiving influenza vaccine. He had received no subsequent seasonal influenza vaccinations, but after the risks and benefits were considered, he was vaccinated without adverse event that season.

        Cite This Article
    EID Ryan M, Duran L, Lee R, Wu S. Revisiting Influenza Vaccination Exemption. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1947-1948. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180304
    AMA Ryan M, Duran L, Lee R, et al. Revisiting Influenza Vaccination Exemption. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1947-1948. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180304.
    APA Ryan, M., Duran, L., Lee, R., & Wu, S. (2018). Revisiting Influenza Vaccination Exemption. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1947-1948. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180304.
        Email Email this Article
  • Fatal Cronobacter sakazakii Sequence Type 494 Meningitis in a Newborn, Brazil PDF Version[PDF - 479 KB - 3 pages]
    C. Chaves et al.
        View Abstract

    We describe a case of infection with Cronobacter sakazakii sequence type 494 causing bacteremia and meningitis in a hospitalized late premature infant in Brazil. We conducted microbiological analyses on samples of powdered infant formula from the same batch as formula ingested by the infant but could not identify the source of contamination.

        Cite This Article
    EID Chaves C, Brandão M, Lacerda M, Rocha C, Leone de Oliveira S, Parpinelli T, et al. Fatal Cronobacter sakazakii Sequence Type 494 Meningitis in a Newborn, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1948-1950. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180373
    AMA Chaves C, Brandão M, Lacerda M, et al. Fatal Cronobacter sakazakii Sequence Type 494 Meningitis in a Newborn, Brazil. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1948-1950. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180373.
    APA Chaves, C., Brandão, M., Lacerda, M., Rocha, C., Leone de Oliveira, S., Parpinelli, T....Paniago, A. (2018). Fatal Cronobacter sakazakii Sequence Type 494 Meningitis in a Newborn, Brazil. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1948-1950. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180373.
        Email Email this Article
  • Introduction of Eurasian-Origin Influenza A(H8N4) Virus into North America by Migratory Birds PDF Version[PDF - 585 KB - 4 pages]
    A. M. Ramey et al.
        View Abstract

    We identified a Eurasian-origin influenza A(H8N4) virus in North America by sampling wild birds in western Alaska, USA. Evidence for repeated introductions of influenza A viruses into North America by migratory birds suggests that intercontinental dispersal might not be exceedingly rare and that our understanding of viral establishment is incomplete.

        Cite This Article
    EID Ramey AM, Reeves AB, Donnelly T, Poulson RL, Stallknecht DE. Introduction of Eurasian-Origin Influenza A(H8N4) Virus into North America by Migratory Birds. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1950-1953. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180447
    AMA Ramey AM, Reeves AB, Donnelly T, et al. Introduction of Eurasian-Origin Influenza A(H8N4) Virus into North America by Migratory Birds. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1950-1953. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180447.
    APA Ramey, A. M., Reeves, A. B., Donnelly, T., Poulson, R. L., & Stallknecht, D. E. (2018). Introduction of Eurasian-Origin Influenza A(H8N4) Virus into North America by Migratory Birds. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1950-1953. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180447.
        Email Email this Article
  • New Reassortant Clade 2.3.4.4b Avian Influenza A(H5N6) Virus in Wild Birds, South Korea, 2017–18 PDF Version[PDF - 675 KB - 3 pages]
    J. Kwon et al.
        View Abstract

    We isolated new reassortant avian influenza A(H5N6) viruses from feces of wild waterfowl in South Korea during 2017–18. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that reassortment occurred between clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 and Eurasian low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses circulating in wild birds. Dissemination to South Korea during the 2017 fall migratory season followed.

        Cite This Article
    EID Kwon J, Jeong S, Lee D, Swayne DE, Kim Y, Lee S, et al. New Reassortant Clade 2.3.4.4b Avian Influenza A(H5N6) Virus in Wild Birds, South Korea, 2017–18. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1953-1955. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180461
    AMA Kwon J, Jeong S, Lee D, et al. New Reassortant Clade 2.3.4.4b Avian Influenza A(H5N6) Virus in Wild Birds, South Korea, 2017–18. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1953-1955. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180461.
    APA Kwon, J., Jeong, S., Lee, D., Swayne, D. E., Kim, Y., Lee, S....Song, C. (2018). New Reassortant Clade 2.3.4.4b Avian Influenza A(H5N6) Virus in Wild Birds, South Korea, 2017–18. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1953-1955. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180461.
        Email Email this Article
  • Clinical Isolation and Identification of Haematospirillum jordaniae PDF Version[PDF - 328 KB - 2 pages]
    G. Hovan and A. Hollinger
        View Abstract

    A clinical case study involving a man (35–49 years of age) with wounds to his lower right extremity. An isolate was sent to the Delaware Public Health Laboratory for confirmatory testing by genetic analysis of the 16S gene. Testing identified the isolate as a novel genus and species, Haematospirillum jordaniae.

        Cite This Article
    EID Hovan G, Hollinger A. Clinical Isolation and Identification of Haematospirillum jordaniae. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1955-1956. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180548
    AMA Hovan G, Hollinger A. Clinical Isolation and Identification of Haematospirillum jordaniae. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1955-1956. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180548.
    APA Hovan, G., & Hollinger, A. (2018). Clinical Isolation and Identification of Haematospirillum jordaniae. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1955-1956. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180548.
        Email Email this Article
  • Molecular Typing and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida viswanathii, India PDF Version[PDF - 359 KB - 3 pages]
    S. A. Shankarnarayan et al.
        View Abstract

    We report invasive candidiasis caused by Candida viswanathii over 2 time periods during 2013–2015 in a tertiary care hospital in Chandigarh, India. Molecular typing revealed multiple clusters of the isolates. We detected high MICs for fluconazole in the second time period.

        Cite This Article
    EID Shankarnarayan SA, Rudramurthy SM, Chakrabarti A, Shaw D, Paul S, Sethuraman N, et al. Molecular Typing and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida viswanathii, India. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1956-1958. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180801
    AMA Shankarnarayan SA, Rudramurthy SM, Chakrabarti A, et al. Molecular Typing and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida viswanathii, India. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1956-1958. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180801.
    APA Shankarnarayan, S. A., Rudramurthy, S. M., Chakrabarti, A., Shaw, D., Paul, S., Sethuraman, N....Ghosh, A. K. (2018). Molecular Typing and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida viswanathii, India. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1956-1958. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180801.
        Email Email this Article
  • Community-Acquired Staphylococcus argenteus Sequence Type 2250 Bone and Joint Infection, France, 2017 PDF Version[PDF - 426 KB - 4 pages]
    J. Rigaill et al.
        View Abstract

    We report a rare case of Staphylococcus argenteus bone and joint infection in a 9-year-old boy in France. His finger arthritis was complicated by osteitis 5 weeks later, which resulted in a secondary intervention. This case indicates the virulence of S. argenteus, an emerging pathogen whose clinical effects are poorly described.

        Cite This Article
    EID Rigaill J, Grattard F, Grange S, Forest F, Haddad E, Carricajo A, et al. Community-Acquired Staphylococcus argenteus Sequence Type 2250 Bone and Joint Infection, France, 2017. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1958-1961. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180727
    AMA Rigaill J, Grattard F, Grange S, et al. Community-Acquired Staphylococcus argenteus Sequence Type 2250 Bone and Joint Infection, France, 2017. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1958-1961. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180727.
    APA Rigaill, J., Grattard, F., Grange, S., Forest, F., Haddad, E., Carricajo, A....Verhoeven, P. O. (2018). Community-Acquired Staphylococcus argenteus Sequence Type 2250 Bone and Joint Infection, France, 2017. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1958-1961. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180727.
        Email Email this Article
  • Circulation of Influenza A(H5N8) Virus, Saudi Arabia PDF Version[PDF - 843 KB - 4 pages]
    H. Al-Ghadeer et al.
        View Abstract

    Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) viruses have been detected in several continents. However, limited viral sequence data are available from countries in the Middle East. We report full-genome analyses of highly pathogenic H5N8 viruses recently detected in different provinces in Saudi Arabia.

        Cite This Article
    EID Al-Ghadeer H, Chu D, Rihan E, Abd-Allah EM, Gu H, Chin A, et al. Circulation of Influenza A(H5N8) Virus, Saudi Arabia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1961-1964. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180846
    AMA Al-Ghadeer H, Chu D, Rihan E, et al. Circulation of Influenza A(H5N8) Virus, Saudi Arabia. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1961-1964. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180846.
    APA Al-Ghadeer, H., Chu, D., Rihan, E., Abd-Allah, E. M., Gu, H., Chin, A....Poon, L. (2018). Circulation of Influenza A(H5N8) Virus, Saudi Arabia. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1961-1964. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180846.
        Email Email this Article
  • Severe Respiratory Illness Outbreak Associated with Human Coronavirus NL63 in a Long-Term Care Facility PDF Version[PDF - 336 KB - 3 pages]
    J. Hand et al.
        View Abstract

    We describe an outbreak of severe respiratory illness associated with human coronavirus NL63 in a long-term care facility in Louisiana in November 2017. Six of 20 case-patients were hospitalized with pneumonia, and 3 of 20 died. Clinicians should consider human coronavirus NL63 for patients in similar settings with respiratory disease.

        Cite This Article
    EID Hand J, Rose E, Salinas A, Lu X, Sakthivel SK, Schneider E, et al. Severe Respiratory Illness Outbreak Associated with Human Coronavirus NL63 in a Long-Term Care Facility. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1964-1966. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180862
    AMA Hand J, Rose E, Salinas A, et al. Severe Respiratory Illness Outbreak Associated with Human Coronavirus NL63 in a Long-Term Care Facility. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1964-1966. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180862.
    APA Hand, J., Rose, E., Salinas, A., Lu, X., Sakthivel, S. K., Schneider, E....Watson, J. T. (2018). Severe Respiratory Illness Outbreak Associated with Human Coronavirus NL63 in a Long-Term Care Facility. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1964-1966. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180862.
        Email Email this Article

Letters

  • External Quality Assessment for Zika Virus Molecular Diagnostic Testing, Brazil PDF Version[PDF - 290 KB - 1 page]
    S. A. Baylis and J. Blümel
            Cite This Article
    EID Baylis SA, Blümel J. External Quality Assessment for Zika Virus Molecular Diagnostic Testing, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1966. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180360
    AMA Baylis SA, Blümel J. External Quality Assessment for Zika Virus Molecular Diagnostic Testing, Brazil. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1966. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180360.
    APA Baylis, S. A., & Blümel, J. (2018). External Quality Assessment for Zika Virus Molecular Diagnostic Testing, Brazil. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1966. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180360.
        Email Email this Article

Books and Media

  • The Fears of the Rich, the Needs of the Poor: My Years at the CDC PDF Version[PDF - 494 KB - 1 page]
    L. Robinson and C. Vinoya-Chung
            Cite This Article
    EID Robinson L, Vinoya-Chung C. The Fears of the Rich, the Needs of the Poor: My Years at the CDC. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1967. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180687
    AMA Robinson L, Vinoya-Chung C. The Fears of the Rich, the Needs of the Poor: My Years at the CDC. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1967. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180687.
    APA Robinson, L., & Vinoya-Chung, C. (2018). The Fears of the Rich, the Needs of the Poor: My Years at the CDC. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1967. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180687.
        Email Email this Article

About the Cover

  • Concurrent Conflicts—the Great War and the 1918 Influenza Pandemic PDF Version[PDF - 1.60 MB - 2 pages]
    T. Chorba and B. Breedlove
            Cite This Article
    EID Chorba T, Breedlove B. Concurrent Conflicts—the Great War and the 1918 Influenza Pandemic. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1968-1969. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.ac2410
    AMA Chorba T, Breedlove B. Concurrent Conflicts—the Great War and the 1918 Influenza Pandemic. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1968-1969. doi:10.3201/eid2410.ac2410.
    APA Chorba, T., & Breedlove, B. (2018). Concurrent Conflicts—the Great War and the 1918 Influenza Pandemic. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1968-1969. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.ac2410.
        Email Email this Article

Etymologia

  • Etymologia: Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase PDF Version[PDF - 632 KB - 1 page]
    R. Henry and F. A. Murphy
            Cite This Article
    EID Henry R, Murphy FA. Etymologia: Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1849. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.et2410
    AMA Henry R, Murphy FA. Etymologia: Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1849. doi:10.3201/eid2410.et2410.
    APA Henry, R., & Murphy, F. A. (2018). Etymologia: Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1849. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.et2410.
        Email Email this Article

Online Reports

  • Protective Measures for Humans against Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Outbreaks in 22 European Union/European Economic Area Countries and Israel, 2016–17 PDF Version[PDF - 1.40 MB - 8 pages]
    C. Adlhoch et al.
        View Abstract

    We sought to better understand national approaches for managing potential human health risks during outbreaks of infection with avian influenza A(H5N8) virus during 2016–17. Twenty-three countries in the Union/European Economic Area and Israel participated in this study. Risk to the general public was assessed as low in 18 countries and medium in 1 country. Of 524 exposed persons identified, 274 were passively monitored and 250 were actively monitored. Of 29 persons tested, all were negative for H5N8 virus. Vaccination and antiviral drug recommendations varied across countries. A high level of personal protection was recommended although a low risk was assessed. No transmission of this virus to humans was identified.

        Cite This Article
    EID Adlhoch C, Dabrera G, Penttinen P, Pebody R. Protective Measures for Humans against Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Outbreaks in 22 European Union/European Economic Area Countries and Israel, 2016–17. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180269
    AMA Adlhoch C, Dabrera G, Penttinen P, et al. Protective Measures for Humans against Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Outbreaks in 22 European Union/European Economic Area Countries and Israel, 2016–17. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(10):1-8. doi:10.3201/eid2410.180269.
    APA Adlhoch, C., Dabrera, G., Penttinen, P., & Pebody, R. (2018). Protective Measures for Humans against Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Outbreaks in 22 European Union/European Economic Area Countries and Israel, 2016–17. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(10), 1-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180269.
        Email Email this Article

Conference Summaries

Ahead Of Print

GO

Past Issues

GO

LATEST PODCAST

Global Distribution of Protoparvoviruses — (Length: 27:46)

Get Email Updates

To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address:

What's this?Submit

Related Information

Additional Resources

CDC 24/7 – Saving Lives, Protecting People, Saving Money. Learn More About How CDC Works For You…

TOP