Ebola Spotlight

Ebola, previously known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus strains. Ebola can cause disease in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees).

Ebola is caused by infection with a virus of the family Filoviridae, genus Ebolavirus. There are five identified Ebola virus species, four of which are known to cause disease in humans. Ebola viruses are found in several African countries. Ebola was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Before the current situation, outbreaks have appeared sporadically in Africa.

The natural reservoir host of Ebola virus remains unknown. However, on the basis of evidence and the nature of similar viruses, researchers believe that the virus is animal-borne and that bats are the most likely reservoir. Four of the five virus strains occur in an animal host native to Africa.

The Emerging Infectious Diseases journal has published many articles on Ebola. The journal published its first Ebola article in 1995, volume 1, issue number 3. Reemergence of Ebola Virus in Africa

2024

Current Issue Ophthalmic Sequelae of Ebola Virus Disease in Survivors, Sierra Leone
Charlene H. Choo et al. Volume 30, Number 12—December 2024 Rapid Decision Algorithm for Patient Triage during Ebola Outbreaks
Denis-Luc Ardiet et al. Volume 30, Number 11—November 2024 Protective Efficacy of Lyophilized Vesicular Stomatitis Virus–Based Vaccines in Animal Model
Abd’jeleel Salawudeen et al. Volume 30, Number 5—May 2024 Effects of Shock and Vibration on Product Quality during Last-Mile Transportation of Ebola Vaccine under Refrigerated Conditions
Linda Bus-Jacobs et al. Volume 30, Number 4—April 2024 Geographic Disparities in Domestic Pig Population Exposure to Ebola Viruses, Guinea, 2017–2019
Solène Grayo et al. Volume 30, Number 4—April 2024 Ten Years of High-Consequence Pathogens—Research Gains, Readiness Gaps, and Future Goals
Jennifer H. McQuiston et al. Volume 30, Number 4—April 2024 Systematic Review of Scales for Measuring Infectious Disease–Related Stigma
Amy Paterson et al. Volume 30, Number 3—March 2024

2023

Estimates of Serial Interval and Reproduction Number of Sudan Virus, Uganda, August–November 2022
Valentina Marziano et al. Volume 29, Number 7—July 2023 No Substantial Histopathologic Changes in Mops condylurus Bats Naturally Infected with Bombali Virus, Kenya
Lauri Kareinen et al. Volume 29, Number 5—May 2023 Podcast Mapping Global Bushmeat Activities to Improve Zoonotic Spillover Surveillance by Using Geospatial Modeling
Soushieta Jagadesh et al. Volume 29, Number 4—April 2023 Listen to the podcast Emerging Pathogens Pose Inevitable Surprises
Byron Breedlove Volume 29, Number 2—February 2023 Efficiency of Field Laboratories for Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak during Chronic Insecurity, Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2018–2020
Daniel Mukadi-Bamuleka et al. Volume 29, Number 1—January 2023

2022

CDC’s COVID-19 International Vaccine Implementation and Evaluation Program and Lessons from Earlier Vaccine Introductions
Heidi M. Soeters et al. Volume 28, Supplement—December 2022 Bombali Ebolavirus in Mops condylurus Bats (Molossidae), Mozambique
Camille Lebarbenchon et al. Volume 28, Number 12—December 2022 Agile Thinking Slays the Chimaera
Byron Breedlove Volume 28, Number 9—September 2022 Effect of Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus–Zaire Ebola Virus Vaccination on Ebola Virus Disease Illness and Death, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Neil Rupani et al. Volume 28, Number 6—June 2022 Podcast Risk Prediction Score for Pediatric Patients with Suspected Ebola Virus Disease
Alicia E. Genisca et al. Volume 28, Number 6—June 2022 Listen to the podcast Durable Vitality and Magical Forms
Byron Breedlove Volume 28, Number 5—May 2022 Ebola Virus Glycoprotein IgG Seroprevalence in Community Previously Affected by Ebola, Sierra Leone
Daniela Manno et al. Volume 28, Number 3—March 2022 Postmortem Surveillance for Ebola Virus Using OraQuick Ebola Rapid Diagnostic Tests, Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2019–2020
Daniel Mukadi-Bamuleka et al. Volume 28, Number 2—February 2022

2021

Novel Use of Capture-Recapture Methods to Estimate Completeness of Contact Tracing during an Ebola Outbreak, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2018–2020
Jonathan A. Polonsky et al. Volume 27, Number 12—December 2021 Evaluation of Early Warning, Alert and Response System for Ebola Virus Disease, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2018–2020
Mory Keita et al. Volume 27, Number 12—December 2021 Podcast Reflections on 40 Years of AIDS
Kevin M. De Cock et al. Volume 27, Number 6—June 2021 Listen to the podcast Podcast Ebola Virus IgG Seroprevalence in Southern Mali
Sidy Bane et al. Volume 27, Number 6—June 2021 Listen to the podcast Increased Likelihood of Detecting Ebola Virus RNA in Semen by Using Sample Pelleting
Courtney M. Bozman et al. Volume 27, Number 4—April 2021 An Interesting and Horribly Wondrous Sight
Byron Breedlove Volume 27, Number 4—April 2021 Human Diversity of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors and Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I Alleles and Ebola Virus Disease Outcomes
Tony Wawina-Bokalanga et al. Volume 27, Number 1—January 2021

2020

Range Expansion of Bombali Virus in Mops condylurus Bats, Kenya, 2019
Lauri Kareinen et al. Volume 26, Number 12—December 2020 Role of Wildlife in Emergence of Ebola Virus in Kaigbono (Likati), Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2017
Sophie Gryseels et al. Volume 26, Number 9—September 2020 Approach to Cataract Surgery in an Ebola Virus Disease Survivor with Prior Ocular Viral Persistence
Jill R. Wells et al. Volume 26, Number 7—July 2020 Update on Ebola Treatment Center Costs and Sustainability, United States, 2019
Jocelyn J. Herstein et al. Volume 26, Number 5—May 2020 Ebola Virus Neutralizing Antibodies in Dogs from Sierra Leone, 2017
Kerstin Fischer et al. Volume 26, Number 4—April 2020 Podcast Pregnancy Outcomes among Women Receiving rVSVΔ-ZEBOV-GP Ebola Vaccine during the Sierra Leone Trial to Introduce a Vaccine against Ebola
Jennifer K. Legardy-Williams et al. Volume 26, Number 3—March 2020 Listen to the podcast Exposure to Ebola Virus and Risk for Infection with Malaria Parasites, Rural Gabon
Jessica L. Abbate et al. Volume 26, Number 2—February 2020 Public Health Program for Decreasing Risk for Ebola Virus Disease Resurgence from Survivors of the 2013–2016 Outbreak, Guinea
Mory Keita et al. Volume 26, Number 2—February 2020 Nutritional Care for Patients with Ebola Virus Disease
Mija Ververs et al. Volume 26, Number 1—January 2020

2019

Bombali Virus in Mops condylurus Bats, Guinea
Lyudmila S. Karan et al. Volume 25, Number 9—September 2019 Evaluating Temperature Sensitivity of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus–Based Vaccines
Derek R. Stein et al. Volume 25, Number 8—August 2019 Suboptimal Handling of Piccolo Samples or Reagent Discs for Consideration in Ebola Response
Jessica R. Spengler et al. Volume 25, Number 6—June 2019 Serologic Prevalence of Ebola Virus in Equatorial Africa
Imke Steffen et al. Volume 25, Number 5—May 2019 Need for Aeromedical Evacuation High-Level Containment Transport Guidelines
Shawn G. Gibbs et al. Volume 25, Number 5—May 2019 Bombali Virus in Mops condylurus Bat, Kenya
Kristian M. Forbes et al. Volume 25, Number 5—May 2019 Podcast International Biological Reference Preparations for Epidemic Infectious Diseases
Tommy Rampling et al. Volume 25, Number 2—February 2019 Listen to the podcast Podcast Macrophage Activation Marker Soluble CD163 Associated with Fatal and Severe Ebola Virus Disease in Humans
Anita K. McElroy et al. Volume 25, Number 2—February 2019 Listen to the podcast Ebola Virus Infection Associated with Transmission from Survivors
Saskia Den Boon et al. Volume 25, Number 2—February 2019 Aeromedical Transfer of Patients with Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
Edward D. Nicol et al. Volume 25, Number 1—January 2019

2018

Survey of Ebola Viruses in Frugivorous and Insectivorous Bats in Guinea, Cameroon, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2015–2017
Helene M. De Nys et al. Volume 24, Number 12—December 2018 Travelers’ Actual and Subjective Knowledge about Risk for Ebola Virus Disease
Isabelle Régner et al. Volume 24, Number 9—September 2018 World Health Organization Methodology to Prioritize Emerging Infectious Diseases in Need of Research and Development
Massinissa Si Mehand et al. Volume 24, Number 9—September 2018 Podcast Case Series of Severe Neurologic Sequelae of Ebola Virus Disease during Epidemic, Sierra Leone
Patrick J. Howlett et al. Volume 24, Number 8—August 2018 Listen to the podcast Reemergence of Reston ebolavirus in Cynomolgus Monkeys, the Philippines, 2015
Catalino Demetria et al. Volume 24, Number 7—July 2018 Symptom-Based Ebola Risk Score for Ebola Virus Disease, Conakry, Guinea
Brecht Ingelbeen et al. Volume 24, Number 6—June 2018 Development of a Pediatric Ebola Predictive Score, Sierra Leone
Felicity Fitzgerald et al. Volume 24, Number 2—February 2018 Podcast Risk Communication and Ebola-Specific Knowledge and Behavior during 2014–2015 Outbreak, Sierra Leone
Maike Winters et al. Volume 24, Number 2—February 2018 Listen to the podcast Emergence of Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses during Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak, Guinea, 2014–2015
Maria Dolores Fernandez-Garcia et al. Volume 24, Number 1—January 2018 Serologic Evidence of Fruit Bat Exposure to Filoviruses, Singapore, 2011–2016
Eric D. Laing et al. Volume 24, Number 1—January 2018 Sensitivity and Specificity of Suspected Case Definition Used during West Africa Ebola Epidemic
Christopher H. Hsu et al. Volume 24, Number 1—January 2018 Two-Center Evaluation of Disinfectant Efficacy against Ebola Virus in Clinical and Laboratory Matrices
Sophie J. Smither et al. Volume 24, Number 1—January 2018

2017

Surveillance Training for Ebola Preparedness in Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, and Mali
Victor M. Cáceres et al. Volume 23, Supplement—December 2017 Lessons Learned from Emergency Response Vaccination Efforts for Cholera, Typhoid, Yellow Fever, and Ebola
Jenny A. Walldorf et al. Volume 23, Supplement—December 2017 Establishment of CDC Global Rapid Response Team to Ensure Global Health Security
Tasha Stehling-Ariza et al. Volume 23, Supplement—December 2017 Ebola Response Impact on Public Health Programs, West Africa, 2014–2017
Barbara J. Marston et al. Volume 23, Supplement—December 2017 Unseen Faces, Lingering Storylines
Byron Breedlove Volume 23, Supplement—December 2017 US Federal Travel Restrictions for Persons with Higher-Risk Exposures to Communicable Diseases of Public Health Concern
Laura A. Vonnahme et al. Volume 23, Supplement—December 2017 CDC Safety Training Course for Ebola Virus Disease Healthcare Workers
Rupa Narra et al. Volume 23, Supplement—December 2017 Lack of Secondary Transmission of Ebola Virus from Healthcare Worker to 238 Contacts, United Kingdom, December 2014
Paul Crook et al. Volume 23, Number 12—December 2017 Incentives for Bushmeat Consumption and Importation among West African Immigrants, Minnesota, USA
Emily Walz et al. Volume 23, Number 12—December 2017 The Breadth of Viruses in Human Semen
Alex P. Salam et al. Volume 23, Number 11—November 2017 The Politics of Fear: Médecins Sans Frontières and the West African Ebola Epidemic
Keith Hamilton Volume 23, Number 11—November 2017 Symptom- and Laboratory-Based Ebola Risk Scores to Differentiate Likely Ebola Infections
Shefali Oza et al. Volume 23, Number 11—November 2017 Ebola: Profile of a Killer Virus
Stephen S. Morse Volume 23, Number 11—November 2017 Occupational Exposures to Ebola Virus in Ebola Treatment Center, Conakry, Guinea
Hélène Savini et al. Volume 23, Number 8—August 2017 Clinical Laboratory Values as Early Indicators of Ebola Virus Infection in Nonhuman Primates
Ronald B. Reisler et al. Volume 23, Number 8—August 2017 Novel Retinal Lesion in Ebola Survivors, Sierra Leone, 2016
Paul J. Steptoe et al. Volume 23, Number 7—July 2017 Operational Research during the Ebola Emergency
Gabriel Fitzpatrick et al. Volume 23, Number 7—July 2017 Measles Cases during Ebola Outbreak, West Africa, 2013–2106
Francesca Colavita et al. Volume 23, Number 6—June 2017 Ebola Virus Imported from Guinea to Senegal, 2014
Daye Ka et al. Volume 23, Number 6—June 2017 Sustainability of High-Level Isolation Capabilities among US Ebola Treatment Centers
Jocelyn J. Herstein et al. Volume 23, Number 6—June 2017 Ebola Virus RNA in Semen from an HIV-Positive Survivor of Ebola
Lawrence J. Purpura et al. Volume 23, Number 4—April 2017 Influence of Referral Pathway on Ebola Virus Disease Case-Fatality Rate and Effect of Survival Selection Bias
Frauke Rudolf et al. Volume 23, Number 4—April 2017 Spatiotemporal Fluctuations and Triggers of Ebola Virus Spillover
John Paul Schmidt et al. Volume 23, Number 3—March 2017 Media Messages and Perception of Risk for Ebola Virus Infection, United States
Tara Kirk Sell et al. Volume 23, Number 1—January 2017 Sequelae and Other Conditions in Ebola Virus Disease Survivors, Sierra Leone, 2015
Hamish Mohammed et al. Volume 23, Number 1—January 2017

2016

Electrolyte and Metabolic Disturbances in Ebola Patients during a Clinical Trial, Guinea, 2015
Johan van Griensven et al. Volume 22, Number 12—December 2016 Enhancement of Ebola Preparedness across Africa
Chloe E. Morozoff et al. Volume 22, Number 12—December 2016 Unusual Ebola Virus Chain of Transmission, Conakry, Guinea, 2014–2015
Mory Keita et al. Volume 22, Number 12—December 2016 Ebola Virus Disease in Children, Sierra Leone, 2014–2015
Felicity Fitzgerald et al. Volume 22, Number 10—October 2016 Pandemic
Jennifer B. Nuzzo Volume 22, Number 10—October 2016 Secondary Infections with Ebola Virus in Rural Communities, Liberia and Guinea, 2014–2015
Kim A. Lindblade et al. Volume 22, Number 9—September 2016 Clinical Features of and Risk Factors for Fatal Ebola Virus Disease, Moyamba District, Sierra Leone, December 2014–February 2015
Yngvar Lunde Haaskjold et al. Volume 22, Number 9—September 2016 Ebola Virus Disease, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2014
Carolina Nanclares et al. Volume 22, Number 9—September 2016 Assessment of Community Event–Based Surveillance for Ebola Virus Disease, Sierra Leone, 2015
Ruwan Ratnayake et al. Volume 22, Number 8—August 2016 Use of Unamplified RNA/cDNA–Hybrid Nanopore Sequencing for Rapid Detection and Characterization of RNA Viruses
Andy Kilianski et al. Volume 22, Number 8—August 2016 Exposure-Specific and Age-Specific Attack Rates for Ebola Virus Disease in Ebola-Affected Households, Sierra Leone
Hilary Bower et al. Volume 22, Number 8—August 2016 Effective Chemical Inactivation of Ebola Virus
Elaine Haddock et al. Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 Podcast Pregnancy, Labor, and Delivery after Ebola Virus Disease and Implications for Infection Control in Obstetric Services, United States
Amanda Kamali et al. Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 Listen to the podcast Perspectives on West Africa Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak, 2013–2016
Jessica R. Spengler et al. Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 Post-Ebola Measles Outbreak in Lola, Guinea, January–June 2015
Jonathan E. Suk et al. Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 Health Precautions Taken by Travelers to Countries with Ebola Virus Disease
Ifeoma Ezeoke et al. Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 Follow-up of Ebola Patient, 2014–2015
Venkatesh Srinivas et al. Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 Ebola Virus in Breast Milk in an Ebola Virus–Positive Mother with Twin Babies, Guinea, 2015
Helena Nordenstedt et al. Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 Post-Ebola Syndrome, Sierra Leone
Janet T. Scott et al. Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 Effects of Response to 2014–2015 Ebola Outbreak on Deaths from Malaria, HIV/AIDS, and Tuberculosis, West Africa
Alyssa S. Parpia et al. Volume 22, Number 3—March 2016 Ebola Virus RNA Stability in Human Blood and Urine in West Africa’s Environmental Conditions
Frédéric Janvier et al. Volume 22, Number 2—February 2016 Ebola Virus Persistence in Semen Ex Vivo
Robert J. Fischer et al. Volume 22, Number 2—February 2016 Epidemiology of Epidemic Ebola Virus Disease in Conakry and Surrounding Prefectures, Guinea, 2014–2015
Adriana Rico et al. Volume 22, Number 2—February 2016 Ebola and Its Control in Liberia, 2014–2015
Tolbert G. Nyenswah et al. Volume 22, Number 2—February 2016 Feasibility of Xpert Ebola Assay in Médecins Sans Frontières Ebola Program, Guinea
Rafael Van den Bergh et al. Volume 22, Number 2—February 2016 Uveitis and Systemic Inflammatory Markers in Convalescent Phase of Ebola Virus Disease
John R. Chancellor et al. Volume 22, Number 2—February 2016 Prognostic Indicators for Ebola Patient Survival
Samuel J. Crowe et al. Volume 22, Number 2—February 2016 Hospital Preparations for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Patients and Experience Gained from Admission of an Ebola Patient
J.J. Mark Haverkort et al. Volume 22, Number 2—February 2016 Vectorborne Infections, Mali
David Safronetz et al. Volume 22, Number 2—February 2016 Responding to Ebola through Visual Poetry
Byron Breedlove Volume 22, Number 2—February 2016 The Merits of Malaria Diagnostics during an Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak
Emmie de Wit et al. Volume 22, Number 2—February 2016 Nanopore Sequencing as a Rapidly Deployable Ebola Outbreak Tool
Thomas Hoenen et al. Volume 22, Number 2—February 2016 Initial Costs of Ebola Treatment Centers in the United States
Jocelyn J. Herstein et al. Volume 22, Number 2—February 2016 Effectiveness of Ring Vaccination as Control Strategy for Ebola Virus Disease
Adam J. Kucharski et al. Volume 22, Number 1—January 2016 Anticipated Negative Responses by Students to Possible Ebola Virus Outbreak, Guangzhou, China
Joseph T.F. Lau et al. Volume 22, Number 1—January 2016 Ebola Virus Disease Complicated by Late-Onset Encephalitis and Polyarthritis, Sierra Leone
Patrick Howlett et al. Volume 22, Number 1—January 2016

2015

Use of Capture–Recapture to Estimate Underreporting of Ebola Virus Disease, Montserrado County, Liberia
Etienne Gignoux et al. Volume 21, Number 12—December 2015 Surveillance for Ebola Virus in Wildlife, Thailand
Supaporn Wacharapluesadee et al. Volume 21, Number 12—December 2015 Contact Tracing Activities during the Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic in Kindia and Faranah, Guinea, 2014
Meredith G. Dixon et al. Volume 21, Number 11—November 2015 Ebola in West Africa—CDC’s Role in Epidemic Detection, Control, and Prevention
Thomas R. Frieden et al. Volume 21, Number 11—November 2015 Workplace Safety Concerns among Co-workers of Responder Returning from Ebola-Affected Country
Benjamin P. Chan et al. Volume 21, Number 11—November 2015 Ebola Virus Outbreak Investigation, Sierra Leone, September 28–November 11, 2014
Hui-Jun Lu et al. Volume 21, Number 11—November 2015 Celebrating the Fabric of Commonplace Society
Byron Breedlove et al. Volume 21, Number 11—November 2015 Liberia—Moving Beyond “Ebola Free”
Hunter Keys et al. Volume 21, Number 11—November 2015 Etymologia: Ebola
Volume 21, Number 11—November 2015 Delayed Disease Progression in Cynomolgus Macaques Infected with Ebola Virus Makona Strain
Andrea Marzi et al. Volume 21, Number 10—October 2015 Utility of Oral Swab Sampling for Ebola Virus Detection in Guinea Pig Model
Jessica R. Spengler et al. Volume 21, Number 10—October 2015 Decreased Ebola Transmission after Rapid Response to Outbreaks in Remote Areas, Liberia, 2014
Kim A. Lindblade et al. Volume 21, Number 10—October 2015 Human–Bat Interactions in Rural West Africa
Priscilla Anti et al. Volume 21, Number 8—August 2015 Estimates of Outbreak Risk from New Introductions of Ebola with Immediate and Delayed Transmission Control
Damon J.A. Toth et al. Volume 21, Number 8—August 2015 Transmission Models of Historical Ebola Outbreaks
John M. Drake et al. Volume 21, Number 8—August 2015 Readability of Ebola Information on Websites of Public Health Agencies, United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and Europe
Enrique Castro-Sánchez et al. Volume 21, Number 7—July 2015 Estimating Ebola Treatment Needs, United States
Gabriel Rainisch et al. Volume 21, Number 7—July 2015 Monitoring of Ebola Virus Makona Evolution through Establishment of Advanced Genomic Capability in Liberia
Jeffrey R. Kugelman et al. Volume 21, Number 7—July 2015 Ebola Virus Stability on Surfaces and in Fluids in Simulated Outbreak Environments
Robert J. Fischer et al. Volume 21, Number 7—July 2015 Cluster of Ebola Virus Disease, Bong and Montserrado Counties, Liberia
Tolbert G. Nyenswah et al. Volume 21, Number 7—July 2015 Ebola Risk Perception in Germany, 2014
Nicole Rübsamen et al. Volume 21, Number 6—June 2015 Lack of Protection Against Ebola Virus from Chloroquine in Mice and Hamsters
Darryl Falzarano et al. Volume 21, Number 6—June 2015 Ebola and Psychological Stress of Health Care Professionals
Marco Lehmann et al. Volume 21, Number 5—May 2015 Postmortem Stability of Ebola Virus
Joseph B. Prescott et al. Volume 21, Number 5—May 2015 Using Lessons Learned from Previous Ebola Outbreaks to Inform Current Risk Management
Petra Dickmann et al. Volume 21, Number 5—May 2015 Evolution of Ebola Virus Disease from Exotic Infection to Global Health Priority, Liberia, Mid-2014
M. Allison Arwady et al. Volume 21, Number 4—April 2015 Safety of Recombinant VSV–Ebola Virus Vaccine Vector in Pigs
Emmie de Wit et al. Volume 21, Number 4—April 2015 Lack of Effect of Lamivudine on Ebola Virus Replication
Lisa Hensley et al. Volume 21, Number 3—March 2015 Treatment of Ebola Virus Infection with Antibodies from Reconvalescent Donors
Thomas R. Kreil Volume 21, Number 3—March 2015 Regional Spread of Ebola Virus, West Africa, 2014
Gabriel Rainisch et al. Volume 21, Number 3—March 2015 Evaluation of the Benefits and Risks of Introducing Ebola Community Care Centers, Sierra Leone
Adam J. Kucharski et al. Volume 21, Number 3—March 2015 Vesicular Stomatitis Virus–Based Vaccines against Lassa and Ebola Viruses
Andrea Marzi et al. Volume 21, Number 2—February 2015 Delicacy and Durability: The Microbiological Sublime
Byron Breedlove Volume 21, Number 1—January 2015

2014

Podcast Biomarker Correlates of Survival in Pediatric Patients with Ebola Virus Disease
Anita K. McElroy et al. Volume 20, Number 10—October 2014 Listen to the podcast Undiagnosed Acute Viral Febrile Illnesses, Sierra Leone
Randal J. Schoepp et al. Volume 20, Number 7—July 2014 Lifting the Impenetrable Veil: From Yellow Fever to Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever and SARS
Sharon Bloom Volume 20, Number 3—March 2014

2013

Ebola Virus Antibodies in Fruit Bats, Bangladesh
Kevin J. Olival et al. Volume 19, Number 2—February 2013

2012

Podcast Reemerging Sudan Ebola Virus Disease in Uganda, 2011
Trevor Shoemaker et al. Volume 18, Number 9—September 2012 Listen to the podcast Ebola Virus Antibodies in Fruit Bats, Ghana, West Africa
David T.S. Hayman et al. Volume 18, Number 7—July 2012

2011

Reston Ebolavirus Antibodies in Bats, the Philippines
Satoshi Taniguchi et al. Volume 17, Number 8—August 2011

2010

Proportion of Deaths and Clinical Features in Bundibugyo Ebola Virus Infection, Uganda
Adam MacNeil et al. Volume 16, Number 12—December 2010 Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Associated with Novel Virus Strain, Uganda, 2007–2008
Joseph F. Wamala et al. Volume 16, Number 7—July 2010

2009

Filoviruses: A Compendium of 40 Years of Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Studies
Pierre E. Rollin Volume 15, Number 12—December 2009 Immunoglobulin G in Ebola Outbreak Survivors, Gabon
Nadia Wauquier et al. Volume 15, Number 7—July 2009

2008

Managing Potential Laboratory Exposure to Ebola Virus by Using a Patient Biocontainment Care Unit
Mark G. Kortepeter et al. Volume 14, Number 6—June 2008

2007

Immune Cell Apoptosis Prevention as Potential Therapy for Severe Infections
Janie Parrino et al. Volume 13, Number 2—February 2007

2005

Optics and Biologic Connectedness
Polyxeni Potter Volume 11, Number 3—March 2005 Ebola Virus Antibody Prevalence in Dogs and Human Risk
Loïs Allela et al. Volume 11, Number 3—March 2005 Wild Animal Mortality Monitoring and Human Ebola Outbreaks, Gabon and Republic of Congo, 2001–2003
Pierre Rouquet et al. Volume 11, Number 2—February 2005 Hazards of Travel—Who Will Free the Contemporary Traveler?
Polyxeni Potter Volume 11, Number 2—February 2005 Pygmy Populations Seronegative for Marburg Virus
Matthias Borchert et al. Volume 11, Number 1—January 2005

2004

Potential Mammalian Filovirus Reservoirs
A. Townsend Peterson et al. Volume 10, Number 12—December 2004 Infectious Diseases and Maternal Morbidity and Mortality
Loretta P. Finnegan et al. Volume 10, Number 11—November 2004 New and Emerging Zoonoses
Marguerite Pappaioanou et al. Volume 10, Number 11—November 2004 Ebola and Marburg Viruses: A View of Infection Using Electron Microscopy
Pierre E. Rollin Volume 10, Number 8—August 2004 Ecologic and Geographic Distribution of Filovirus Disease
A. Townsend Peterson et al. Volume 10, Number 1—January 2004

2003

Cultural Contexts of Ebola in Northern Uganda
Barry S. Hewlett et al. Volume 9, Number 10—October 2003

2002

Ebola-Poe: A Modern-Day Parallel of the Red Death?
Setu K. Vora et al. Volume 8, Number 12—December 2002 Evaluation in Nonhuman Primates of Vaccines against Ebola Virus
Thomas W. Geisbert et al. Volume 8, Number 5—May 2002

1999

Risk for Ebola Virus Infection in Côte d'Ivoire
Osamu Kunii et al. Volume 5, Number 2—April 1999

1998

Unrecognized Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever at Mosango Hospital during the 1995 Epidemic in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Marie-Jo Bonnet et al. Volume 4, Number 3—September 1998 Ebola/Athens Revisited
P.E. Olson et al. Volume 4, Number 1—March 1998

1997

Immunostaining of Ebola Virus Antigens
Volume 3, Number 1—March 1997 Isolation and Phylogenetic Characterization of Ebola Viruses Causing Different Outbreaks in Gabon
Marie-Claude Georges-Courbot et al. Volume 3, Number 1—March 1997

1996

Experimental Inoculation of Plants and Animals with Ebola Virus
Robert Swanepoel et al. Volume 2, Number 4—October 1996 DNA Vaccines for Emerging Infectious Diseases: What If?
Robert G. Whalen Volume 2, Number 3—July 1996 The Thucydides Syndrome: Ebola Déjà Vu? (or Ebola Reemergent?)
P. E. Olson et al. Volume 2, Number 2—April 1996

1995

Reemergence of Ebola Virus in Africa
Anthony Sanchez et al. Volume 1, Number 3—July 1995

Other Resources

World Health Organization

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention