Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 23, Number 10—October 2017
CME ACTIVITY - Research

Enteric Infections Circulating during Hajj Seasons, 2011–2013

Moataz Abd El Ghany123Comments to Author , Mona Alsomali1, Malak Almasri1, Eriko Padron Regalado, Raeece Naeem, AbdulHafeez Tukestani, Abdullah Asiri, Grant A. Hill-Cawthorne, Arnab Pain23, and Ziad A. Memish23
Author affiliations: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (M. Abd El Ghany, M. Alsomali, E. Padron Regalado, R. Naeem, A. Pain); University of Sydney, Australia (M. Abd El Ghany, G.A. Hill-Cawthorne); Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M. Almasri, A. Tukestani, A. Asiri, Z.A. Memish); Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (A. Pain); Alfaisal University, Riyadh (Z.A. Memish); Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (Z.A. Memish)

Main Article

Table 4

Relationship between severity of diarrheal disease and identified etiologic agents among persons who acquired enteric infections during their travel for Hajj, 2011–2013*

 
Category Severity of diarrheal disease
 Statistical analyses
Severe Mild χ2 p value
Total no. cases 412 132    
Positive for etiologic agent, no. (%)
 185 (44.9)
 43 (32.58)
6.24†
 0.01
Bacterial agents, no. (%) 153 (37.14) 36 (27.27) 4.29‡ 0.04
Salmonella 45 (10.92) 17 (12.88) 4.19§ 0.04
Shigella/EIEC 35 (8.5) 6 (4.55)    
ETEC 43 (10.44) 5 (3.79) 5.49¶ 0.019
EPEC 13 (3.16) 3 (2.27)    
EHEC 3 (0.73) 1 (0.76)    
DAEC 7 (1.7) 0    
EAEC 5 (1.21) 2 (1.52)    
Yersinia enterocolitica
 2 (0.49)
 2 (1.52)
 
  
Viral agents, no. (%) 13 (3.16) 1 (0.76) 2.29 0.13
Astrovirus 2 (0.49) 1 (0.76)    
Norovirus 4 (0.97) 0    
Rotavirus 6 (1.46) 0    
Adenovirus
 1 (0.24)
 0
 
  
Parasitic agents, no. (%) 10 (2.43) 2 (1.52) 0.39 0.53
Giardia 8 (1.94) 2 (1.52)    
Cryptosporidium
 2 (0.49)
 0
 
  
Mixed infectious agents, no. (%) 9 (2.18) 4 (3.03) 0.31 0.58
Bacteria and virus 4 (0.97) 2 (1.52)    
Bacteria and parasite 5 (1.21) 1 (0.76)    
Bacteria, virus, and parasite 0 1 (0.76)    

*EAEC, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli; EHEC, enterohemorrhagic E. coli; EIEC, enteroinvasive E. coli; EPEC, enteropathogenic E. coli; ETEC, enterotoxigenic E. coli; DAEC, diffusely adherent E. coli; OR, odds ratio.
†Compared with total number of cases. OR 1.69, p=0.01.
‡Compared with total number of cases. OR 1.58, p=0.04.
§Compared with total number of positive bacteria. OR 0.47, p=0.04.
¶Compared with total number of cases. OR 2.96, p=0.02.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

2These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

3These authors were co–principal investigators.

Page created: October 10, 2017
Page updated: October 10, 2017
Page reviewed: October 10, 2017
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external