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Volume 23, Number 10—October 2017

CME ACTIVITY - Research

Enteric Infections Circulating during Hajj Seasons, 2011–2013

Moataz Abd El Ghany123Comments to Author , Mona Alsomali1, Malak Almasri1, Eriko Padron Regalado, Raeece Naeem, AbdulHafeez Tukestani, Abdullah Asiri, Grant A. Hill-Cawthorne, Arnab Pain23, and Ziad A. Memish23
Author affiliations: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (M. Abd El Ghany, M. Alsomali, E. Padron Regalado, R. Naeem, A. Pain); University of Sydney, Australia (M. Abd El Ghany, G.A. Hill-Cawthorne); Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M. Almasri, A. Tukestani, A. Asiri, Z.A. Memish); Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (A. Pain); Alfaisal University, Riyadh (Z.A. Memish); Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (Z.A. Memish)

Main Article

Table 4

Relationship between severity of diarrheal disease and identified etiologic agents among persons who acquired enteric infections during their travel for Hajj, 2011–2013*

 
Category Severity of diarrheal disease
 Statistical analyses
Severe Mild χ2 p value
Total no. cases 412 132    
Positive for etiologic agent, no. (%)
 185 (44.9)
 43 (32.58)
6.24†
 0.01
Bacterial agents, no. (%) 153 (37.14) 36 (27.27) 4.29‡ 0.04
Salmonella 45 (10.92) 17 (12.88) 4.19§ 0.04
Shigella/EIEC 35 (8.5) 6 (4.55)    
ETEC 43 (10.44) 5 (3.79) 5.49¶ 0.019
EPEC 13 (3.16) 3 (2.27)    
EHEC 3 (0.73) 1 (0.76)    
DAEC 7 (1.7) 0    
EAEC 5 (1.21) 2 (1.52)    
Yersinia enterocolitica
 2 (0.49)
 2 (1.52)
 
  
Viral agents, no. (%) 13 (3.16) 1 (0.76) 2.29 0.13
Astrovirus 2 (0.49) 1 (0.76)    
Norovirus 4 (0.97) 0    
Rotavirus 6 (1.46) 0    
Adenovirus
 1 (0.24)
 0
 
  
Parasitic agents, no. (%) 10 (2.43) 2 (1.52) 0.39 0.53
Giardia 8 (1.94) 2 (1.52)    
Cryptosporidium
 2 (0.49)
 0
 
  
Mixed infectious agents, no. (%) 9 (2.18) 4 (3.03) 0.31 0.58
Bacteria and virus 4 (0.97) 2 (1.52)    
Bacteria and parasite 5 (1.21) 1 (0.76)    
Bacteria, virus, and parasite 0 1 (0.76)    

*EAEC, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli; EHEC, enterohemorrhagic E. coli; EIEC, enteroinvasive E. coli; EPEC, enteropathogenic E. coli; ETEC, enterotoxigenic E. coli; DAEC, diffusely adherent E. coli; OR, odds ratio.
†Compared with total number of cases. OR 1.69, p=0.01.
‡Compared with total number of cases. OR 1.58, p=0.04.
§Compared with total number of positive bacteria. OR 0.47, p=0.04.
¶Compared with total number of cases. OR 2.96, p=0.02.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

2These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

3These authors were co–principal investigators.

Page created: October 10, 2017
Page updated: October 10, 2017
Page reviewed: October 10, 2017
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