Volume 28, Supplement—December 2022
SUPPLEMENT ISSUE
Clinical
Effectiveness of Whole-Virus COVID-19 Vaccine among Healthcare Personnel, Lima, Peru
, Giselle Soto, Matthew Westercamp, Susan Bollinger, Angelica Espinoza, Max Grogl, Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas, Eduardo Matos, Candice Romero, Maria Silva, Rachel Smith, Natalie Olson, Michael Prouty, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, and Fernanda C. Lessa
Table 1
Characteristics, vaccine receipt, and SARS-CoV-2 laboratory detection among 290 participants in a study on effectiveness of whole-virus COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare personnel, Lima, Peru, February 9–May 4, 2021*
| Characteristics | All workers | SARS-CoV-2 testing† |
Vaccination status‡ |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Negative | p value | Unvaccinated | Partially vaccinated | p value | Fully vaccinated | p value | |||
| Total no. (%) |
290 (100) |
25 (9) |
265 (91) |
NA |
20 (7) |
54 (19) |
NA |
216 (74) |
NA |
|
| Median age, y (IQR) |
45 (38–52) |
48 (41–54) |
45 (38–51) |
0.82 |
39 (37–49) |
47 (39–52) |
0.14 |
45 (39–52) |
0.12 |
|
| Age range, y | ||||||||||
| 18–39 | 85 (29) | 6 (24) | 79 (30) | NA | 10 (50) | 14 (26) | NA | 61 (28) | NA | |
| 40–49 | 110 (38) | 10 (40) | 100 (38) | NA | 5 (25) | 22 (41) | NA | 83 (38) | NA | |
| 50–65 |
95 (33) |
9 (36) |
86 (32) |
NA |
5 (25) |
18 (33) |
NA |
72 (33) |
NA |
|
| Sex | ||||||||||
| M | 75 (26) | 6 (24) | 69 (26) | 1.0 | 1 (5) | 25 (46) | <0.01 | 49 (23) | 0.12 | |
| F |
215 (74) |
10 (76) |
196 (74) |
NA |
19 (95) |
29 (54) |
NA |
167 (77) |
NA |
|
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Mixed race | 260 (90) | 21 (84) | 239 (90) | 0.45 | 19 (95) | 45 (83) | 0.48 | 196 (91) | 0.89 | |
| Indigenous | 19 (7) | 2 (8) | 17 (6) | NA | 1 (5) | 3 (6) | NA | 15 (7) | NA | |
| Black | 8 (3) | 1 (4) | 7 (3) | NA | 0 | 5 (9) | NA | 3 (1) | NA | |
| White |
3 (1) |
1 (4) |
2 (1) |
NA |
0 |
1 (2) |
NA |
2 (1) |
NA |
|
| Education | ||||||||||
| High school only | 37 (13) | 2 (8) | 35 (13) | 0.75 | 0 | 13 (24) | 0.02 | 24 (11) | 0.10 | |
| Associate or bachelor’s degree | 233 (80) | 21 (84) | 212 (80) | NA | 20 (100) | 38 (70) | NA | 175 (81) | NA | |
| Postgraduate education |
20 (7) |
2 (8) |
18 (7) |
NA |
0 |
3 (6) |
NA |
17 (8) |
NA |
|
| Comorbidities | ||||||||||
| Any medical condition§ | 8 (3) | 2 (8) | 6 (2) | 0.52 | 1 (5) | 2 (4) | 0.74 | 5 (2) | 0.64 | |
| BMI¶ | ||||||||||
| Normal | 83 (29) | 9 (36) | 74 (28) | 0.61 | 9 (45) | 17 (31) | 0.47 | 57 (26) | 0.20 | |
| Overweight | 143 (49) | 12 (48) | 131 (49) | NA | 7 (35) | 27 (50) | NA | 109 (50) | NA | |
| Obese | 64 (22) | 4 (16) | 60 (23) | NA | 4 (20) | 10 (19) | NA | 50 (23) | NA | |
| Smoking daily/some |
11 (4) |
1 (4) |
10 (4) |
1.0 |
1 (5) |
3 (6) |
1.0 |
7 (3) |
1.0 |
|
| Job type | ||||||||||
| Physician | 11 (4) | 1 (4) | 10 (4) | 0.62 | 0 | 0 | <0.01 | 11 (5) | 0.08 | |
| Nurse | 63 (22) | 2 (8) | 61 (23) | NA | 1 (5) | 10 (19) | NA | 52 (24) | NA | |
| Midwife or dentist | 12 (4) | 1 (4) | 11 (4) | NA | 0 | 0 | NA | 12 (5) | NA | |
| Technician, assistant | 135 (47) | 14 (56) | 121 (46) | NA | 15 (75) | 17 (31) | NA | 103 (48) | NA | |
| Pharmacist, social worker, nutritionist | 2 (1) | 0 | 2 (1) | NA | 1 (5) | 0 | NA | 1 (0) | NA | |
| Physical therapist | 4 (1) | 0 | 4 (2) | NA | 0 | 2 (4) | NA | 2 (1) | NA | |
| Administrator, security, maintenance, transporter | 49 (17) | 7 (28) | 42 (15) | NA | 1 (5) | 20 (37) | NA | 28 (12) | NA | |
| Other |
14 (5) |
0 |
14 (5) |
NA |
2 (10) |
5 (9) |
NA |
7 (3) |
NA |
|
| Exposed to COVID-19 patients in healthcare setting | 249 (86) | 18 (72) | 231 (87) | 0.59 | 17 (85) | 45 (83) | 1.0 | 187 (87) | 1.0 | |
| ICU | 27 (9) | 4 (16) | 23 (9) | 0.40 | 0 | 8 (15) | 0.16 | 19 (9) | 0.34 | |
| ED |
101 (35) |
11 (44) |
90 (34) |
0.43 |
9 (45) |
20 (37) |
0.72 |
72 (33) |
0.42 | |
| Median hours worked at site/week (IQR) | 36 (36–36) | 36 (36–40) | 36 (36–36) | 0.93 | 36 (36–39) | 36 (36–48) | 0.23 | 36 (36–36) | 0.40 | |
| Median hours patient-provider face-to-face/week (IQR) | 30 (24–36) | 30 (20–30) | 30 (25–36) | 0.04 | 33 (30–37) | 30 (25–36) | 0.31 | 30 (24–36) | 0.11 | |
| Reactive SARS-CoV-2 serology at baseline | 106 (37) | 0 | 106 (40) | <0.01 | 5 (25) | 15 (28) | 1.0 | 86 (40) | 0.28 | |
*Values represent no. (%) unless otherwise indicated. p values were calculated by using χ2 test for categorical and Wilcoxon signed rank test for continuous variables. BMI, body mass index; ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit. †At least once by weekly testing during follow-up period. ‡Vaccination of healthcare workers started in Lima on February 9, 2021, and was assessed by interview on a weekly basis. Partially vaccinated refers to persons who received 1 dose of whole-virus COVID-19 vaccine during the study period; fully vaccinated refers to persons who received 2 doses of whole-virus COVID-19 vaccine during the study period. Partially and fully vaccinated groups were separately compared against unvaccinated persons. §Asthma, diabetes, high blood pressure, chronic heart disease, autoimmune condition, HIV/AIDS, another medical condition requiring clinical care >6 mo. ¶Normal (18.5 to <25); overweight (25 to <30); obese (>30).