Volume 29, Number 3—March 2023
Research
Increase in Colorado Tick Fever Virus Disease Cases and Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Behaviors and Testing Practices, Montana, 2020
Raymond A. Soto, Erika Baldry, Grace M. Vahey, Jennifer Lehman, Margaret Silver, Amanda Panella, Aaron C. Brault, Holly R. Hughes, Kelly A. Fitzpatrick, Jason Velez, Brad J. Biggerstaff, Brent Wolff, Jean Randolph, Laird J. Ruth, J. Erin Staples, and Carolyn V. Gould
Table 2
Self-reported symptoms leading to Colorado tick fever virus testing of case–control study participants, Montana, USA, 2020*
| Symptom | No. (%) |
OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Case-patients, n = 14 | Controls, n = 22 | ||
| Fever | 13 (93) | 14 (64) | 7.4 (1.0–50.7) |
| Fatigue | 13 (93) | 18 (82) | 2.9 (0.4–21.0) |
| Muscle aches | 12 (86) | 18 (82) | 1.3 (0.2–7.2) |
| Headache | 11 (79) | 17 (77) | 1.1 (0.2–4.9) |
| Chills | 9 (64) | 13 (59) | 1.3 (0.3–4.8) |
| Weakness | 9 (64) | 17 (77) | 0.5 (0.1–2.2) |
| Nausea | 8 (57) | 9 (41) | 1.9 (0.5–7.3) |
| Joint pain or swelling | 8 (57) | 15 (68) | 0.6 (0.2–2.4) |
| Rash | 5 (36) | 13 (59) | 0.4 (0,1–1.5) |
| Stiff neck | 5 (36) | 10 (45) | 0.7 (0.2–2.6) |
| Abdominal pain | 5 (36) | 5 (23) | 1.9 (0.4–7.9) |
| Swollen lymph nodes | 4 (28) | 11 (50) | 0.4 (0.1–1.5) |
| Confusion | 4 (28) | 10 (45) | 0.5 (0.1–1.9) |
| Vomiting | 4 (28) | 3 (14) | 2.5 (0.5–12.3) |
| Diarrhea | 3 (21) | 5 (23) | 0.9 (0.2–4.4) |
| Sore throat |
3 (21) |
7 (32) |
0.6 (0.1–2.6) |
| Biphasic illness† | 11 (79) | 3 (14) | 23.2 (4.2–128.6) |
*Bold indicates statistical significance (α = 0.05). OR, odds ratio. †Defined as remission and relapse of symptoms with 1–4 d between remission and relapse when dates were provided.
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