Volume 11, Number 5—May 2005
Research
Risk Factors for Kala-Azar in Bangladesh
Caryn Bern*
, Allen W. Hightower*, Rajib Chowdhury†, Mustakim Ali†, Josef Amann*, Yukiko Wagatsuma†, Rashidul Haque†, Katie Kurkjian*, Louise E. Vaz*, Moarrita Begum†, Tangin Akter†, Catherine B. Cetre-Sossah*, Indu B. Ahluwalia*, Ellen Dotson*, W. Evan Secor*, Robert F. Breiman*†, and James H. Maguire*
, Allen W. Hightower*, Rajib Chowdhury†, Mustakim Ali†, Josef Amann*, Yukiko Wagatsuma†, Rashidul Haque†, Katie Kurkjian*, Louise E. Vaz*, Moarrita Begum†, Tangin Akter†, Catherine B. Cetre-Sossah*, Indu B. Ahluwalia*, Ellen Dotson*, W. Evan Secor*, Robert F. Breiman*†, and James H. Maguire*Table 4
Multivariable model of factors associated with kala-azar (KA), adjusted for household clustering
| Factor | OR (95% CI)* | p value |
|---|---|---|
| Always uses net in summer | 0.69 (0.52–0.92) | 0.01 |
| Uses net sometimes or never | Referent | |
| Distance from previous KA case | ||
| Within household | 25.6 (15.0–43.7) | <0.0001 |
| <50 m | 2.9 (1.6–5.4) | 0.0006 |
| >50 m | Referent | |
| Each cow per 1,000 m2 | 0.81 (0.70–0.94) | 0.005 |
| No cattle | Referent | |
| Age (y) | ||
| <3 | 0.7 (0.2–2.0) | 0.46 |
| 3–14 | 3.6 (1.7–7.5) | 0.0008 |
| 15–45 | 3.8 (1.9–7.8) | 0.0002 |
| >45 | Referent | |
*OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
