Emerging Infectious Disease ISSN: 1080-6059

Surveillance of Influenza Virus A in Migratory Waterfowl in Northern Europe

Anders Wallensten*†, Vincent J. Munster‡, Neus Latorre-Margalef§, Mia Brytting¶, Johan Elmberg#, Ron A.M. Fouchier‡, Thord Fransson**, Paul D. Haemig§, Malin Karlsson¶, Åke Lundkvist¶, Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus‡, Martin Stervander††, Jonas Waldenström§‡‡, and Björn Olsen§§§

Author affiliations: *Smedby Health Center, Kalmar, Sweden; †Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; ‡Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; §Kalmar University, Kalmar, Sweden; ¶Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Solna, Sweden; #Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden; **Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden; ††Ottenby Bird Observatory, Degerhamn, Sweden; ‡‡Lund University, Lund, Sweden; §§Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;

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Figure 1

Female mallards banded in Sweden south of 57°30′N (indicated by a solid line in the inserted figures) in Oct–Dec (A) and May–Sep (B) and recovered in winter (Nov–Feb, n = 255 and n = 98) and summer (May–Aug, n = 135 and n = 53). Black dots represent summer recoveries; gray squares represent winter recoveries. Symbols on inset maps represent calculated mean positions and the location of Ottenby Bird Observatory.

Figure 1. Female mallards banded in Sweden south of 57°30′N (indicated by a solid line in the inserted figures) in Oct–Dec (A) and May–Sep (B) and recovered in winter (Nov–Feb, n = 255 and n = 98) and summer (May–Aug, n = 135 and n = 53). Black dots represent summer recoveries; gray squares represent winter recoveries. Symbols on inset maps represent calculated mean positions and the location of Ottenby Bird Observatory.

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