Volume 13, Number 7—July 2007
Historical Review
Influenza Pandemics in Singapore, a Tropical, Globally Connected City
Vernon J. Lee*†‡
, Mark I. Chen*, Siew Pang Chan*, Chia Siong Wong*, Jeffery Cutter§, Kee Tai Goh§, and Paul Anath Tambyah¶#
, Mark I. Chen*, Siew Pang Chan*, Chia Siong Wong*, Jeffery Cutter§, Kee Tai Goh§, and Paul Anath Tambyah¶#Table
Estimated deaths and mortality rates due to influenza during the 1918–1920 influenza pandemic
| Country | No. deaths (in 1,000s) | Mortality rate (per 1,000), % | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 402–675 | 3.9–6.5 | (8,11–13) |
| Canada | 50.0–51.0 | 6.1–6.3 | (8,12) |
| Denmark | 6.02–12.4 | 2.0–4.1 | (8,12) |
| England | 116–200 | 3.4–5.8 | (8,12) |
| Spain | 257–311 | 12.3–14.9 | (8,12) |
| Portugal | 59.0–159 | 9.8–26.4 | (8,12) |
| India | 185 | 6.1–43.9 | (8,12) |
| Japan | 368–517 | 6.7–9.4 | (8,12) |
| Ceylon (Sri Lanka) | 51.0–91.6 | 10.0–17.9 | (8,12,14) |
| Taiwan | 25.4–52.8 | 6.9–14.4 | (8,12) |
| The Philippines | 81.0–288 | 8.0–28.4 | (8,12) |
| Argentina | 10.2–46.0 | 1.2–5.4 | (8,12) |
| Australia | 14.5–15.4 | 2.7–2.9 | (8,12) |
| Kenya | 104–150 | 40–57.8 | (8) |
| South Africa | 300 | 44.3 | (8) |
| British Honduras (Belize) | 1.01–2.00 | 2.3–4.6 | (15) |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 0.30–1.00 | 0.1–0.2 | (15) |
| Singapore | 2.87–6.66 | 7.8–18.0 | This report |
