Volume 14, Number 8—August 2008
Letter
Pediatric Pneumonia Death Caused by Community-acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Japan
Table
Characteristics of PVL-positive MRSA strains reported in Japan since 2000*
| Type, gene, or resistance | PVL-positive MRSA | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present strain | Previous strains | ||||||
| NN32 | NN1 | NN12, NN31 | EB 00449 | DB 00319 | |||
| Types | CC | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | |
| ST | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 765 | ||
| spa | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 43 | ||
| agr | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | ||
| SCCmec | IVa | IVc | IVc | IVc | IVx* | ||
| Coagulase | IV | IV | IV | IV | IV | ||
| Toxins | |||||||
| Leukocidins | lukS-PV, lukF-PV† | + | + | + | + | + | |
| lukE-lukD, lukM | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Hemolysins | hla, hlg, hld | + | + | + | + | + | |
| hlb | – | – | – | – | + | ||
| hlg–v | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Staphylococcal enterotoxins | sea | – | – | – | – | + | |
| tst, seb, sec, sed, see, seh, sej, sek, sep | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| egc‡ | + | + | + | + | + | ||
| seu | + | + | + | + | + | ||
| Exfoliative toxins | eta, etb, etd | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Others | set | + | + | + | + | + | |
| edin | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Adhesins | |||||||
| icaA, sdrD, sdrE | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| icaD, cna,§
eno, fnbA,
fnbB, ebpS,
clfA, clfB, fib,
sdrC, bbp¶ | + | + | + | + | + | ||
| Drug resistance and penicillinase plasmid | Aminoglycosides | GEN# KAN#* | GEN** KAN** STR** | ||||
| Macrolides | ERY** | ||||||
| Lincosamides | CLI** | ||||||
| Tetracycline | TET# | ||||||
| Penicillinase plasmid (kb) | + (33) | + (33) | + (33) | + (33) | + (40)** | ||
*PVL, Panton-Valentine leukocidin; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; SCCmec IVx, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IV with unknown subtypes; +, positive; –, negative; GEN, gentamicin; KAN, kanamycin; STR, streptomycin; ERY, erythromycin; CLI, clindamycin; TET, tetracycline.
†GenBank accession nos. for the PVL gene sequences from strains NN32 and NN1 are AB286959 and AB186917, respectively.
‡egc, enterotoxin gene cluster, including seg, sei, sem, sen, and seo genes.
§cna, gene encoding for collagen binding protein (adhesin).
¶bbp, gene encoding for bone sialoprotein binding protein (adhesin).
#Drug resistance encoded by a conjugative drug resistance plasmid (pGKT1) (8).
**Multidrug-resistant penicillinase plasmid encoding for resistance to GEN, KAN, STR, ERY, and CLI, in addition to penicillin resistance (9).
