Volume 15, Number 3—March 2009
Dispatch
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) Outbreak in Captive Wild Birds and Cats, Cambodia
Stéphanie Desvaux
, Nick Marx, Sivuth Ong, Nicolas Gaidet, Matt Hunt, Jean-Claude Manuguerra, San Sorn, Malik Peiris, Sylvie van der Werf, and Jean-Marc Reynes
, Nick Marx, Sivuth Ong, Nicolas Gaidet, Matt Hunt, Jean-Claude Manuguerra, San Sorn, Malik Peiris, Sylvie van der Werf, and Jean-Marc ReynesTable 1
Cumulative deaths during an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1), Phnom Tamao Wildlife Rescue Centre, Cambodia, December 15, 2003–January 13, 2004*
| Order | Family | Species (common name), no. sampled | No. dead birds in S1 | No. birds not dead in S1 | Cumulative deaths in S2, % (dead/total at risk) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Per species | Per order | |||||
| Anseriformes |
Anatidae |
Anas poecilorhyncha (Indian spot-billed duck) |
NP |
NP |
0 (0/4) |
0 (0/4) |
| Ciconiiformes |
Ardeidae | Ardea cinerea (grey heron), n = 2 | 4 | 2 | NP | 47 (9/19) |
| Ardeola speciosa (Javan-pond heron), n = 1 | 7 | 0 | 100 (7/7) | |||
| Butorides striatus (little heron) | NP | NP | 0 (0/1) | |||
| Egretta garzetta (little egret) | NP | NP | 18 (2/11) | |||
| Ciconidae |
Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus (black-neck stork) | 1 | 3 | NP | ||
| Leptoptilos dubius (greater adjutant stork) | 2 | 1 | NP | |||
| Leptoptilos javanicus (lesser adjutant stork) | 3 | 21 | NP | |||
| Mycteria leucocephala (painted stork) | 6 | 20 | NP | |||
| Ciconia episcopus (wooly necked stork) | 0 | 3 | NP | |||
| Anastomus oscitans (Asian openbill stork) |
0 |
5 |
NP |
|||
| Colombiformes |
Colombidae |
Treron curvirostra (thick-billed green pigeon) | NP | NP | 0 (0/7 | 0 (0/17) |
| Streptopelia chinensis (spotted dove) |
NP |
NP |
0 (0/10) |
|||
| Coraciiformes |
Buceritidae |
Buceros bicornis (great hornbill) |
NP |
NP |
100 (1/1) |
100 (1/1) |
| Falconiformes |
Accipitridae |
Gyps bengalensis (white-rumped vulture) | NP | NP | 100 (1/1) | 93 (13/14) |
| Haliastur indus (Brahminy kite) | NP | NP | 0 (0/1) | |||
| Ichthyophaga ichtyaetus (grey-headed fish eagle) | 3 | 0 | 100 (4/4) | |||
| Ictinaetus malayensis (black eagle) | NP | NP | 100 (1/1) | |||
| Milvus migrans (black kite) | 1 | 0 | NP | |||
| Spilornis cheela (crested serpent eagle), n = 1 | 1 | 0 | 100 (5/5) | |||
| Spizaetus cirrhatus (changeable hawk eagle), n = 1 |
0 |
0 |
100 (2/2) |
|||
| Galliformes |
Numididae | Agelastes sp (guineafowl) | NP | NP | 33.3 (1/3) | 36 (5/14) |
| Phasianidae |
Pavo muticus (green peafowl) | 0 | 3 | 100 (3/3) | ||
| Gallus gallus (red jungle fowl) |
NP |
NP |
12.5 (1/8) |
|||
| Gruiformes |
Gruidae |
Grus antigone (Sarus crane) |
3 |
0 |
NP |
|
| Passeriformes |
Corvidae | Corvus macrorynchos (large-billed crow), n = 1 | 2 | 0 | 100 (3/3) | 25 (3/12) |
| Sturnidae |
Gracula religiosa (hill mynah) | NP | NP | 0 (0/3) | ||
| Acridotheres tristis (common mynah) | NP | NP | 0 (0/4) | |||
| Acridotheres javanicus (white-vented mynah) | NP | NP | 0 (0/1) | |||
| Sturnus contra (Asian pied starling) |
NP |
NP |
0 (0/1) |
|||
| Pelecaniformes |
Anhigindae | Anhinga melanogaster (oriental darter) | 0 | 1 | NP | |
| Pelecanidae |
Pelecanus philippensis (spot-billed pelican) |
3 |
2 |
NP |
||
| Psittaciformes |
Psittacidae |
Psittacula eupatria (Alexandrine parakeet), n = 1† | 1 | 0 | 50 (1/2) | 0 (1/146) |
| Psittacula roseate (blossom-headed parakeet) | NP | NP | 0 (0/20) | |||
| Psittacula alexandri (red-breasted parakeet) | NP | NP | 0 (0/20) | |||
| Psittacula finschii (grey-headed parakeet) |
NP |
NP |
0 (0/104) |
|||
| Strigiformes |
Strigidae | Bubo nipalensis (spot-bellied eagle owl), n = 1 | 0 | 0 | 100 (1/1) | 92 (12/13) |
| Ketupa ketupu (buffy fish owl) | NP | NP | 100 (3/3) | |||
| Ketupa zeylonensis (brown fish owl) | NP | NP | 86 (6/7) | |||
| Strix seloputo (spotted wood owl) | NP | NP | 100 (2/2) | |||
| Tytonidae |
Tyto alba (barn owl) |
5 |
0 |
NP |
||
| Total | 8 sampled | 42 | 61 | 18.3% (44/240) | ||
*S1, aviary section in which cumulative mortality rate could not be estimated because exact bird population was not known and birds were difficult to observe; S2, aviary section in which captive bird population was exactly known and number of dead birds was precisely recorded; NP, species not present in S1 or S2.
†Only sample that was negative for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1); all other birds sampled were positive.
