Volume 15, Number 4—April 2009
THEME ISSUE
The Amazon Region
Dispatches
Seroprevalence of Kaposi Sarcoma–associated Herpesvirus and Other Serologic Markers in the Brazilian Amazon
Maria C. Nascimento
, Laura M. Sumita, Vanda U. Souza, Helen A. Weiss, Juliane Oliveira, Melissa Mascheretti, Mariana Quiroga, Rodrigo A.R. Vela, Ester Sabino, Claudio S. Pannuti, and Philippe Mayaud
, Laura M. Sumita, Vanda U. Souza, Helen A. Weiss, Juliane Oliveira, Melissa Mascheretti, Mariana Quiroga, Rodrigo A.R. Vela, Ester Sabino, Claudio S. Pannuti, and Philippe MayaudTable 1
Seroprevalence of KSHV among 3 populations in the Brazilian Amazon*†
| Variables | Mapuera Amerindians, n = 339† |
Mapuera non-Amerindians, n = 181† |
Manaus blood donors, n = 1,133† |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % KSHV positive (no. tested) | OR (95% CI) | % KSHV positive (no. tested) | OR (95% CI) | % KSHV positive (no. tested) | OR (95% CI) | |||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 79.2 (144) | 1 | 26.7 (75) | 1 | 28.6 (874) | 1 | ||
| Female | 82.6 (195) | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 27.4 (106) | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) | 34.4 (259) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | ||
| p value |
0.4 |
0.1 |
0.08 |
|||||
| Age group, y | ||||||||
| 0–9 | 65.0 (43) | 0.1 (0.05–0.4) | 9.8 (51) | 0.1 (0.03–0.3) | – | – | ||
| 10–17 | 70.0 (93) | 0.2 (0.07–0.4) | 22.5 (40) | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) | – | – | ||
| 18–34 | 86.5 (104) | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) | 27.3 (44) | 0.4 (0.1–0.9) | 29.6 (916) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | ||
| >35 | 92.9 (99) | 1 | 50.0 (46) | 1 | 31.3 (217) | 1 | ||
| p for trend |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
||||||
| Crowding‡ | ||||||||
| 1–2 | 93.7 (16) | 1 | 55.6 (9) | 1 | 32.6 (175) | 1 | ||
| 3 | 91.3 (23) | 0.7 (0.06–8.4) | 33.3 (15) | 0.4 (0.07–2.2) | 29.9 (941) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | ||
| >4 | 79.7 (300) | 0.3 (0.03–2.0) | 24.8 (145) | 0.3 (0.07–1.3) | 6.2 (16) | 0.4 (0.2–1.0) | ||
| p value |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|||||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| African | – | – | – | – | 29.6 (743) | 1 | ||
| Caucasian | – | – | – | – | 30.5 (308) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | ||
| Indigenous | 100 (339) | – | – | – | 53.8 (13 | 2.8 (0.9–8.3) | ||
| Other | – | – | 100 (181) | – | 25.8 (66) | 0.8 (0. 5–1.5) | ||
| p value |
0.08 |
|||||||
| Hepatitis A virus | ||||||||
| Negative | 83.3 (6) | 1 | 12.5 (16) | 1 | 42.9 (7)§ | 1 | ||
| Positive | 81.1 (333) | 0.9 (0.1–7.5) | 28.5 (165) | 2.8 (0.6–12.7) | 28.6 (154)§ | 0.5 (0.1–2.5) | ||
| p value |
0.9 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
|||||
| Hepatitis B virus | ||||||||
| Negative | 81.6 (315) | 1 | 32.0 (75)§ | 1 | 30.2 (1,075) | 1 | ||
| Positive | 73.9 (23) | 0.6 (0.2–1.7) | 53.3 (15)§ | 2.4 (0.8–7.5) | 25.0 (56) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | ||
| p value |
0.4 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
|||||
| Hepatitis C virus | ||||||||
| Negative | 81.0 (338) | 36.0 (90)† | 29.9 (1,129) | 1 | ||||
| Positive | 0 | 0 | 25.0 (4) | 0.8 (0.1–7.5) | ||||
| p value |
0.8 |
|||||||
| HSV-2 | ||||||||
| Negative | 81.5 (314) | 1 | 18.1 (127) | 1 | 27.8 (715) | 1 | ||
| Positive | 76.0 (25) | 0.7 (0.3–1.9) | 48.1 (54) | 4.2 (2.1–8.5) | 33.2 (406) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | ||
| p value |
0.5 |
<0.001 |
0.06 |
|||||
| Trepomena pallidum | ||||||||
| Negative | 81.0 (338) | – | 26.3 (171) | 1 | 29.9 (1,122) | 1 | ||
| Positive | 0 | 40.0 (10) | 1.9 (0.5–6.9) | 36.4 (11) | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | |||
| p value | 0.3 | 0.7 | ||||||
*Seroreactivity by any serologic assay, whole virus. KSHV, Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; HSV-2, herpes simplex virus type 2.
†Some figures do not add up to the total because of missing data.
‡Number of residents living in the house.
§Only a random subsample tested.
