Volume 16, Number 2—February 2010
Dispatch
Extensive Mammalian Ancestry of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus
Natalia A. Ilyushina1, Jeong-Ki Kim1, Nicholas J. Negovetich1, Young-Ki Choi1, Victoria Lang, Nicolai V. Bovin, Heather L. Forrest, Min-Suk Song, Philippe Noriel Q. Pascua, Chul-Joong Kim, Robert G. Webster
, and Richard J. Webby
, and Richard J. WebbyTable 2
Replication and transmission of influenza virus A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) in various bird species
| Common name (genus and species) | Virus titer* |
Transmission† | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 dpi |
3 dpi |
5 dpi |
|||||||
| Oropharynx | Cloaca | Oropharynx | Cloaca | Oropharynx | Cloaca | ||||
| Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) | 1.7 ± 0.5 | < | < | < | < | < | 0 | ||
| Domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos) | 1.7 ± 0.5 | < | < | < | < | < | 0 | ||
| Wild duck (Anas platyrhynchos) | 1.3 ± 0.0 | < | < | < | < | < | 0 | ||
| Quail (Coturnix japonica) | 3.4 ± 0.9‡ | < | 2.0 ± 1.3‡ | 0.8 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 33‡ | ||
*dpi, days postinoculation; <, titer below limit of detection (<0.75 log10EID50/mL). Virus titers were determined in eggs and are expressed as the log10 50% egg infectious dose (EID50)/mL (8). Data are presented as means ± standard deviation of titers of positive samples (≥0.75 log10 EID50/mL).
†Percentage of contact birds from which virus was isolated.
‡p<0.05, by 1-way analysis of variance.
