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Volume 18, Number 2—February 2012

Dispatch

High Seroprevalence of Enterovirus Infections in Apes and Old World Monkeys

Heli HarvalaComments to Author , Chloe L. McIntyre, Natsuko Imai, Lucy Clasper, Cyrille F. Djoko, Matthew LeBreton, Marion Vermeulen, Andrew Saville, Francisca Mutapi, Ubald Tamoufé, John Kiyang, Tafon G. Biblia, Nicholas Midzi, Takafira Mduluza, Jacques Pépin, Richard Njouom, Teemu Smura, Joseph N. Fair, Nathan D. Wolfe, Merja Roivainen, and Peter Simmonds

Author affiliations: Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland (H. Harvala); University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (H. Harvala, C.L. McIntyre, N. Imai, L. Clasper, F. Mutapi, P. Simmonds); Global Viral Forecasting Initiative, Yaoundé, Cameroon (C.F. Djoko, M. LeBreton, U. Tamoufé, J.N. Fair, N.D. Wolfe); Global Forcasting Initiatve, San Francisco, California, USA (C.F. Djoko, M. LeBreton, N.D. Wolfe); South African National Blood Service, Weltevreden Park, South Africa (M. Vermeulen, A. Saville); Limbe Wildlife Centre, Limbe, Cameroon (J. Kiyang); Ape Action Africa, Yaoundé, (T.G. Biblia); National Institute of Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe (N. Midzi); University of Zimbabwe, Harare (T. Mduluza); Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (J. Pepin); Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé (R. Njouom); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (T. Smura, M. Roivainen)

Main Article

Table 1

Seroprevalence of echovirus and enterovirus among apes and Old World monkeys, sub-Saharan Africa and Europe

Taxonomic name (common name) No. tested Date No. (%) positive
Echovirus 11 Enterovirus A76 Enterovirus D94
Apes
Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) 40 2005–2009 23 (57.5) 16 (40.0) 5 (12.5)
Gorilla gorilla gorilla (gorilla) 9 2004–2008 8 (72.0) 1 (11.0) 0
Total 49 2004–2009 31 (63.0) 17 (35.0) 5 (10.0)
Old World Monkeys
Genus Cercopithecus
C. erythrotis (red-eared monkey) 3 2007–2008 0 0 0
C. preussi (Preussi’s monkey) 3 2007–2009 0 1 (33.0) 0
C. pogonias (crowned monkey) 1 2009 0 0 0
C. mona (mona monkey) 7 2006–2009 4 (57.0) 1 (14.0) 0
C. nictitans (spot-nosed monkey) 3 2007–2009 0 0 0
Genus Madrillus
M. sphinx (mandrill) 5 2006–2009 1 (20.0) 3 (60.0) 0
M. leucophaeus (drill) 16 2006–2009 3 (18.8) 5 (28.0) 1 (6.0)
Genus Chlorocebus
C. tantalus (tantalus monkey) 1 2007 0 1 (100.0) 0
Genus Erythrocebus
E. patas (patas monkey) 2 2008 0 2 (100.0) 0
Genus Papio
P. anubis (olive baboon) 19 2006–2009 1 (5.3) 9 (47.0) 0
Total 60 2006–2009 9 (15.0) 22 (37.0) 1 (2.0)

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