Heli Harvala

, Chloe L. McIntyre, Natsuko Imai, Lucy Clasper, Cyrille F. Djoko, Matthew LeBreton, Marion Vermeulen, Andrew Saville, Francisca Mutapi, Ubald Tamoufé, John Kiyang, Tafon G. Biblia, Nicholas Midzi, Takafira Mduluza, Jacques Pépin, Richard Njouom, Teemu Smura, Joseph N. Fair, Nathan D. Wolfe, Merja Roivainen, and Peter Simmonds
Author affiliations: Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland (H. Harvala); University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (H. Harvala, C.L. McIntyre, N. Imai, L. Clasper, F. Mutapi, P. Simmonds); Global Viral Forecasting Initiative, Yaoundé, Cameroon (C.F. Djoko, M. LeBreton, U. Tamoufé, J.N. Fair, N.D. Wolfe); Global Forcasting Initiatve, San Francisco, California, USA (C.F. Djoko, M. LeBreton, N.D. Wolfe); South African National Blood Service, Weltevreden Park, South Africa (M. Vermeulen, A. Saville); Limbe Wildlife Centre, Limbe, Cameroon (J. Kiyang); Ape Action Africa, Yaoundé, (T.G. Biblia); National Institute of Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe (N. Midzi); University of Zimbabwe, Harare (T. Mduluza); Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (J. Pepin); Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé (R. Njouom); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (T. Smura, M. Roivainen)
Human samples from sub-Saharan Africa and Europe tested for echovirus and enterovirus antibodies*
| Country |
Category |
Mean age, y |
Year |
| Cameroon |
General population |
>60 |
2007 |
| Zimbabwe |
General population |
45 |
2007 |
| South Africa |
Blood donors |
25 |
2009 |
| Finland |
Pregnant women |
30 |
2002 |
| UK |
General population |
55 |
2009 |