Volume 18, Number 7—July 2012
Dispatch
Multiple Introductions of Avian Influenza Viruses (H5N1), Laos, 2009–2010
Stephanie Sonnberg
, Phouvong Phommachanh, Tri Satya Putri Naipospos, Joanna McKenzie, Chintana Chanthavisouk, Som Pathammavong, Daniel Darnell, Phetlamphone Meeduangchanh, Adam M. Rubrum, Mahanakhone Souriya, Bounkhouang Khambounheuang, Richard J. Webby, Bounlom Douangngeun, and Robert G. Webster
, Phouvong Phommachanh, Tri Satya Putri Naipospos, Joanna McKenzie, Chintana Chanthavisouk, Som Pathammavong, Daniel Darnell, Phetlamphone Meeduangchanh, Adam M. Rubrum, Mahanakhone Souriya, Bounkhouang Khambounheuang, Richard J. Webby, Bounlom Douangngeun, and Robert G. WebsterTable 2
Serum HI titers in ducks against avian influenza virus (H5N1) H3, H4, H5, H6, and H9 antigens, Laos, 2009–2010*
| Serum sample ID | Location† | Sampling site | HI test antigen subtype‡ (clade or lineage)§ |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H4 | H5 (2.3.2) | H5 (2.3.4) | H6 | H9 (G1) | H9 (Y280) | |||
| 790 | Phongsaly-1 | Backyard | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | 10 | <10 |
| 797 | Phongsaly-1 | Backyard | <10 | <10 | 5 | <10 | <10 | <10 |
| 798 | Phongsaly-1 | Backyard | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | 10 | <10 |
| 925 | Phongsaly-2 | Backyard | <10 | <10 | 5 | <10 | <10 | <10 |
| 11A | Luang Namtha-1 | Backyard | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | 10 | 10 |
| 11B | Luang Namtha-1 | Backyard | <10 | 40 | <5 | <10 | <10 | 10 |
| 12 | Luang Namtha-1 | Backyard | <10 | 160 | <5 | <10 | <10 | <10 |
| 14 | Luang Namtha-1 | Backyard | <10 | 160 | 40 | <10 | <10 | <10 |
| 15 | Luang Namtha-1 | Backyard | <10 | 320 | <5 | <10 | <10 | <10 |
| 1686 | Luang Namtha-2 | Backyard | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | <10 | 640 |
| 1688 | Luang Namtha-2 | Backyard | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | 10 | <10 |
| 1696 | Luang Namtha-2 | Backyard | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | 10 | <10 |
| 1699 | Luang Namtha-2 | Backyard | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | <10 | 320 |
| 1736 | Luang Namtha-3 | Market | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | 10 | <10 |
| 757 | Luang Namtha-3 | Market | <10 | <10 | 10 | <10 | <10 | <10 |
| 1314 | Oudomxay-1 | Backyard | 80 | <10 | <5 | 80 | <10 | <10 |
| 1319 | Oudomxay-1 | Backyard | 40 | 10 | <5 | 320 | <10 | <10 |
| 1322 | Oudomxay-2 | Market | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | <10 | 40 |
| 1324 | Oudomxay-2 | Market | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | <10 | 10 |
| 1325 | Oudomxay-2 | Market | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | <10 | 40 |
| 1350 | Oudomxay-2 | Market | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | <10 | 160 |
| 1362 | Oudomxay-3 | Market | 80 | <10 | <5 | <10 | <10 | <10 |
| 1372 | Oudomxay-3 | Market | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | <10 | 40 |
| 1459 | Oudomxay-4 | Backyard | <10 | <10 | <5 | 640 | 320 | 320 |
| 1470 | Oudomxay-5 | Farm | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | <10 | 10 |
| 24 | Luang Prabang-1 | Backyard | <10 | 10 | <5 | <10 | <10 | <10 |
| 36 | Luang Prabang-1 | Backyard | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | 10 | <10 |
| 37 | Luang Prabang-1 | Backyard | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | 10 | <10 |
| 38 | Luang Prabang-1 | Backyard | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | 10 | <10 |
| 951 | Luang Prabang-2 | Backyard | <10 | <10 | 5 | <10 | <10 | <10 |
| 958 | Luang Prabang-2 | Backyard | <10 | <10 | 5 | <10 | 10 | <10 |
| 721 | Xiengkhouang-3 | Backyard | <10 | 10 | <5 | <10 | <10 | <10 |
| 1673 | Xiengkhouang-4 | Farm | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | <10 | 10 |
| 1378 | Vientiane-1 | Backyard | 640 | <10 | <5 | <10 | 20 | 40 |
| 1379 | Vientiane-1 | Backyard | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | 10 | <10 |
| 1381 | Vientiane-1 | Backyard | 40 | <10 | <5 | <10 | 20 | <10 |
| 1382 | Vientiane-1 | Backyard | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | 10 | <10 |
| 1386 | Vientiane-1 | Backyard | 40 | <10 | <5 | <10 | <10 | 40 |
| 1389 | Vientiane-1 | Backyard | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | 10 | <10 |
| 1393 | Vientiane-1 | Backyard | 40 | <10 | <5 | <10 | <10 | <10 |
| 1526 | Vientiane-2 | Farm | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | <10 | 10 |
| 463 | Vientiane-1 | Market | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | 160 | 320 |
| 464 | Vientiane-1 | Market | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | >1,280 | >1,280 |
| 467 | Vientiane-1 | Market | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | 160 | 160 |
| 468 | Vientiane-1 | Market | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | <10 | 80 |
| 1245 | Vientiane-2 | Backyard | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | <10 | 10 |
| 1249 | Vientiane-2 | Backyard | <10 | 10 | <5 | <10 | <10 | <10 |
| 1277 | Vientiane-2 | Backyard | <10 | 10 | <5 | <10 | <10 | <10 |
| 1419 | Vientiane-3 | Market | 20 | <10 | <5 | <10 | <10 | <10 |
| 657 | Savanakhet-2 | Farm | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | 10 | 10 |
| 990 | Savanakhet-3 | Farm | <10 | <10 | 10 | <10 | <10 | <10 |
| 589 | Champasak-2 | Backyard | <10 | <10 | <5 | <10 | 40 | <10 |
| 606 | Champasak-3 | Backyard | <10 | <10 | 20 | <10 | 10 | 10 |
*H, hemagglutinin; ID, identification; HI, hemagglutination inhibition.
†Identical numbers indicate same sampling site.
‡All titers for H3 (A/duck/Laos-Xaythany/A0573/2007) were <10. H4, A/duck/Czech/1956; H5 clade 2.3.2, A/common magpie/Hong Kong/5052/2007; H5 clade 2.3.4, A/duck/Laos/3295/2006; H6, A/turkey/Massachusetts/1965; H9 lineage G1, A/Hong Kong/33982/2009; H9 lineage Y280, A/duck/Hong Kong/Y280/1997.
§Values represent HI titers reciprocal to the highest dilution of serum that inhibited haemagglutination of 4 hemagglutination units of antigen by using 0.5% chicken erythrocytes.
