Volume 19, Number 1—January 2013
Dispatch
Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 4 Outbreak, Italy, 2011
Table 2
Exposure and potential risk factors for 4 patients infected with hepatitis E virus during outbreak in Lazio, Italy, March–April 2011*
Factor | Case-patient 1 | Case-patient 2 | Case-patient 4 | Case-patient 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Underlying disease | IHD | None | IHD | IHD |
Farm residence or employment | No | No | No | No |
Manure used for fruits/vegetables grown in backyard | No | No | No | No |
Professional or amateur hunter | No | No | Yes | No |
Occupational exposure to animals | No | No | No | No |
Household pet or domestic animal ownership | Dogs | No | Dogs, chicken | No |
Risk behavior during previous 2 months | ||||
Received blood transfusion |
No | No | No | No |
Traveled abroad |
No | London | No | No |
Had close contact with a recent traveler |
Yes† | No | No | No |
Visited a farm or petting zoo |
No | No | No | No |
Drank water from a well |
No | No | No | No |
Had contact with surface water |
No | No | No | No |
Had contact with waste water |
Yes | No | No | No |
Food products consumed during previous 2 months | ||||
Mussels |
Yes | No | Yes | No |
Shellfish |
Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
Poultry, undercooked |
No | No | No | No |
Pork products, raw or undercooked |
No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Pork meat, undercooked |
No | No | No | No |
Horse meat |
No | No | No | No |
Beef, raw or undercooked |
No | No | Yes | Yes |
Wild boar, cooked or undercooked |
No | No | Yes | No |
Wild-animal meat (other than wild boar) |
No | No | No | No |
Cattle liver |
No | No | No | Yes |
Pig liver |
No | No | No | Yes |
Other (e.g., kidney, gut) |
No | No | No | No |
*Complete information was not available for case-patient 3 (isolate no. E2107). IHD, ischemic heart disease.
†Contact with a person returning from Poland and Romania.