Volume 19, Number 3—March 2013
Research
Treatment Outcomes for Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and HIV Co-infection
Max R. O’Donnell
, Nesri Padayatchi, Charlotte Kvasnovsky, Lise Werner, Iqbal Master, and C. Robert Horsburgh
, Nesri Padayatchi, Charlotte Kvasnovsky, Lise Werner, Iqbal Master, and C. Robert HorsburghTable 1
Demographic characteristics of patients with XDR TB, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa*
| Characteristic | All patients, n = 114 | Female patients, n = 65 | Male patients, n = 49 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| M | 49 (43.0) | NA | NA | NA |
| F |
65 (57.0) |
NA |
NA |
NA |
| Age, y | ||||
| 18–25 | 16 (14.0) | 16 (24.6) | 0 | <0.0001 |
| 26–35 | 42 (36.8) | 27 (41.5) | 15 (30.6) | <0.0001 |
| 36–50 | 46 (40.4) | 21 (32.3) | 25 (51.0) | NA |
| >50 | 10 (8.8) | 1 (1.5) | 9 (18.4) | NA |
| Median age (IQR) |
35 (30–42) |
31 (26–37) |
39 (35–47) |
NA |
| HIV status | ||||
| Positive | 82 (71.9) | 52 (80.0) | 30 (61.2) | 0.0153 |
| Negative | 25 (21.9) | 8 (12.3) | 17 (34.7) | NA |
| Unknown |
7 (6.1) |
5 (7.7) |
2 (4.1) |
NA |
| CD4 cell count/mm3† | ||||
| Known | 55 (67.1) | 38 (73.1) | 17 (56.7) | 0.1487 |
| Not determined | 27 (32.9) | 14 (26.9) | 13 (43.3) | 0.1426 |
| Median (IQR) |
197 (80–300) |
222 (71–316) |
130 (83–254) |
NA |
| Receiving ART† | ||||
| Yes | 50 (61.0) | 34 (65.4) | 16 (53.3) | 0.3492 |
| No |
32 (39.0) |
18 (34.6) |
14 (46.7) |
NA |
| Severe adverse event‡ | ||||
| Yes | 29 (25.4) | 29 (25.4) | 12 (24.5) | 1.0000 |
| No |
85 (74.6) |
48 (73.9) |
37 (75.5) |
NA |
| Previous TB treatment | ||||
| Yes | 92 (80.7) | 53 (81.5) | 39 (79.6) | 0.7216 |
| No | 15 (13.2) | 9 (13.9) | 6 (12.2) | NA |
| Unknown |
7 (6.1) |
3 (4.6) |
4 (8.2) |
NA |
| Previous MDR TB diagnosis | ||||
| Yes | 69 (60.5) | 41 (63.1) | 28 (57.1) | 0.5649 |
| No |
45 (39.5) |
24 (36.9) |
21 (42.9) |
NA |
| Health care worker | ||||
| Yes | 6 (5.3) | 4 (6.2) | 2 (4.1) | 0.6982 |
| No |
108 (94.7) |
61 (93.9) |
47 (95.9) |
NA |
| Type of TB | ||||
| Pulmonary | 103 (90.4) | 58 (89.2) | 45 (91.8) | NA |
| Extrapulmonary |
11 (9.7) |
7 (10.8) |
4 (8.2) |
NA |
| Culture conversion, mo§ | ||||
| None | 72 (63.2) | 40 (61.5) | 32 (65.3) | 0.2523 |
| <2 | 16 (14.0) | 7 (10.8) | 9 (18.4) | NA |
| >2 | 26 (22.8) | 18 (27.7) | 8 (16.3) | NA |
*Values are no. (%) unless otherwise indicated. XDR TB, extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis; NA, not applicable; IQR, interquartile range; ART, antiretroviral therapy; MDR TB, multidrug-resistant TB.
†Among HIV-positive patients only.
‡Resulted in changes in clinical status or electrolyte abnormalities or required change of TB treatment regimen.
§After initiation of treatment.
