Volume 19, Number 8—August 2013
Dispatch
Acute Gastroenteritis Surveillance through the National Outbreak Reporting System, United States
, Mary E. Wikswo, Karunya Manikonda, Virginia A. Roberts, Jonathan S. Yoder, and L. Hannah Gould
Table 1
Numbers of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks and outbreak-associated outcomes caused by various etiologic agents reported in the National Outbreak Reporting System, United States, 2009–2010*
| Outbreak etiology | No. (%) outbreaks |
No. (%) outbreak-associated outcomes |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confirmed | Suspected | Total | Illnesses | Hospitalizations | Deaths | |||
| Single agent† | ||||||||
| Norovirus‡ | 1,355 (64.2) | 553 (78.1) | 1,908 (67.7) | 69,145 (77.7) | 1,093 (45.9) | 125 (85.6) | ||
| Salmonella spp. | 344 (16.3) | 11 (1.6) | 355 (12.6) | 8,590 (9.7) | 773 (32.5) | 6 (4.1) | ||
| Shigella spp.§ | 99 (4.7) | 10 (1.4) | 109 (3.9) | 2,135 (2.4) | 115 (4.8) | 1 (0.7) | ||
| STEC | 88 (4.2) | 13 (1.8) | 101 (3.6) | 1,091 (1.2) | 250 (10.5) | 9 (6.2) | ||
| Campylobacter spp.¶ | 56 (2.7) | 13 (1.8) | 69 (2.4) | 1,550 (1.7) | 52 (2.2) | 0 | ||
| Clostridium spp.# | 41 (1.9) | 21 (3.0) | 62 (2.2) | 3,242 (3.6) | 16 (0.7) | 3 (2.1) | ||
| Cryptosporidium spp.** | 17 (0.8) | 30 (4.2) | 47 (1.7) | 598 (0.7) | 21 (0.9) | 1 (0.7) | ||
| Bacillus spp.†† | 13 (0.6) | 12 (1.7) | 25 (0.9) | 522 (0.6) | 3 (0.1) | 0 | ||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 11 (0.5) | 11 (1.6) | 22 (0.8) | 263 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Giardia intestinalis | 13 (0.6) | 6 (0.8) | 19 (0.7) | 121 (0.1) | 5 (0.2) | 0 | ||
| Scombroid toxin/histamine | 18 (0.9) | 0 | 18 (0.6) | 76 (0.1) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Ciguatoxin | 14 (0.7) | 0 | 14 (0.5) | 59 (0.1) | 6 (0.3) | 0 | ||
| Rotavirus | 9 (0.4) | 5 (0.7) | 14 (0.5) | 372 (0.4) | 9 (0.4) | 0 | ||
| Other‡‡ |
33 (1.6) |
23 (3.2) |
56 (2.0) |
1,194 (1.3) |
38 (1.6) |
1 (0.7) |
||
| All single-agent etiologies | 2,111 (98.9) | 708 (31.6) | 2,819 (64.4) | 88,958 (72.6) | 2,381 (80.7) | 146 (86.9) | ||
| Multiple agents | 24 (1.1) | 9 (0.4) | 33 (0.8) | 1,236 (1.0) | 61 (2.1) | 2 (1.2) | ||
| Unknown agent | 0 | 1,524 (68.0) | 1,524 (34.8) | 32,294 (26.4) | 510 (17.3) | 20 (11.9) | ||
| All outbreaks | 2,135 (100.0) | 2,241 (100.0) | 4,376 (100.0) | 122,488 (100.0) | 2,952 (100.0) | 168 (100.0) | ||
*STEC, Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli.
†Percentages for specific single agents are those among all single-agent etiology outbreaks (N = 2,819).
‡A norovirus genogroup was provided for 1,160 outbreaks: 150 GI, 1,003 GII, and 7 GI/GII.
§S. sonnei (95 confirmed and 8 suspected outbreaks), S. flexneri (5 confirmed outbreaks), Shigella sp. not known (1 confirmed outbreak).
¶C. jejuni (55 confirmed and 4 suspected outbreaks), Campylobacter sp. not known (8 confirmed and 2 suspected outbreaks).
#C. perfringens (37 confirmed and 20 suspected outbreaks), Clostridium sp. not known (4 confirmed and 1 suspected outbreak).
**C. parvum (10 confirmed and 1 suspected outbreak), C. hominis (6 confirmed outbreaks), Cryptosporidium sp. not known (30 confirmed outbreaks).
††B. cereus (13 confirmed and 11 suspected outbreaks), Bacilllus sp. not known (1 suspected outbreak).
‡‡Includes Vibrio sp. (8 outbreaks), cyanobacterial toxins (6 outbreaks), enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic E. coli (4 outbreaks), Enterococcus spp. (3 outbreaks), mycotoxins (3 outbreaks), Cyclospora spp. (2 outbreaks), pesticides (2 outbreaks), sapovirus (2 outbreaks), paralytic shellfish poison (1 outbreak), Pseudomonas sp. (1 outbreak), sodium hydroxide (1 outbreak), Yersinia sp. (1 outbreak), and other unspecified etiologies (22 outbreaks).