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Volume 21, Number 10—October 2015
CME ACTIVITY - Synopsis

Invasive Disease Caused by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae

Jeroen D. LangereisComments to Author  and Marien I. de Jonge
Author affiliations: Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

Main Article

Table

Invasive Haemophilus influenzae cases worldwide since introduction of serotype b vaccine*

Location Period of strain collection Surveillance method Typing method Changes in NTHi cases or incidence† Serotyped Hi isolates, no. Serotype
b
isolates, % Non–serotype b
isolates, % NTHi isolates, % Ref
Canada 1989–2007 Active, prospective surveillance SA Increased incidence 1,455 20 17 62 (1)
Canada 2000–2006 Nationwide surveillance SA+PCR No change 122 4 39 57 (2)
Europe 1996–2006 European Union Invasive Bacterial Infection Surveillance SA or PCR No change 7,992 35 9 56 (3)
Germany 2001–2004 Nationwide surveillance Not reported NA 147 40 14 46 (4)
Israel‡ 2003–2012 Nationwide prospective surveillance SA No change 389 26 11 62 (5)
Multiple§ 2000–2008 Active population-based surveillance Not reported No change 398 6 17 77 (6)
Portugal 2002–2010 Laboratory-based passive surveillance PCR Increased cases 144 13 10 77 (7)
Slovenia 2000–2008 National surveillance PCR Increased incidence 108¶ 13 2 85 (8)
Spain 2004–2009 Nationwide surveillance PCR NA 307 5 8 87 (9)
Spain 2008–2013 Laboratory-based study SA NA 70 1 14 85 (10)
Sweden 1997–2009 Retrospective laboratory-based study PCR Increased cases or incidence 268# 11 18 71 (11)
Taiwan 1999–2002 National surveillance SA NA 10 20 0 80 (12)
USA, Alaska 1991–1996 Active surveillance SA NA 40 14 31 54 (13)
USA, Arkansas 1993–2001 Retrospective laboratory-based study SA NA 33 3 6 91 (14)
USA, Utah 1998–2008 Passive surveillance SA Increased cases or incidence 101 9 49 43 (15)
USA, Illinois 1996–2004 Passive surveillance SA Increased incidence 522 15 31 54 (16)
USA 1999–2008 Active surveillance SA Increased incidence 4190 4 26 70 (17,18)

*Hi, Haemophilus influenzae; NA, not applicable due to limited sample size (<100 isolates) or lack of year-to-year data; NTHi, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae; Ref, reference (see online Technical Appendix, http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/EID/article/21/10/15-0004-Techapp.pdf); SA, slide agglutination; SA+PCR, slide agglutination positive isolates confirmed by PCR.
†Increased cases = increase in number of NTHi cases in patients >1 years of age; Increased incidence = increase in NTHi incidence rate in patients >1 year of age; No change = no difference in number or incidence rate of NTHi cases.
‡Pediatric cases (<15 years of age) only.
§Australia, Canada, and Denmark.
¶PCR-typed isolates from post-Hib vaccination era only.
#PCR-typed isolates only.

*

Main Article

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Page updated: September 11, 2015
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The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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