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Volume 21, Number 3—March 2015
Research

Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Europe, 2010–2011

Gunar Günther, Frank van Leth, Sofia Alexandru, Neus Altet, Korkut Avsar, Didi Bang, Raisa Barbuta, Graham Bothamley, Ana Ciobanu, Valeriu Crudu, Manfred Davilovits, Martin Dedicoat, Raquel Duarte, Gina Gualano, Heinke Kunst, Wiel de Lange, Vaira Leimane, Cecile Magis-Escurra, Anne-Marie McLaughlin, Inge Muylle, Veronika Polcová, Emanuele Pontali, Christina Popa, Rudolf Rumetshofer, Alena Skrahina, Varvara Solodovnikova, Victor Spinu, Simon Tiberi, Piret Viiklepp, Christoph LangeComments to Author , and TBNET
Author affiliations: University of Namibia School of Medicine, Windhoek, Namibia (G. Günther, C. Lange); German Center for Infection Research, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany (G. Günther, C. Lange); University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F. van Leth); Institute of Phthisiopneumology, Chisinau, Moldova (S. Alexandru, A. Ciubanu, V. Crudu); Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (N. Altet); Jordi Gol University, Barcelona (N. Altet); Asklepios Klinik Gauting, Gauting, Germany (K. Avsar); Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark (D. Bang); Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark (D. Bang); Balti Municipal Hospital, Balti, Moldova (R. Barbuta); Homerton University Hospital, London, UK (G. Bothamley); National TB Reference Laboratory, Chisinau, Moldova (V. Crudu); Tartu University Lung Hospital, Tartu, Estonia (M. Danilovits); University of Warwick, Coventry, UK (M. Dedicoat); Heart of England Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK (M. Dedicoat, H. Kunst); Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Medical School, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (R. Duarte); Porto University, Porto, Portugal (R. Duarte); National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy (G. Gualano); Queen Mary University, London (H. Kunst); University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (W. de Lange); Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia (V. Leimane); Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen/Groesbeek, the Netherlands (C. Magis-Escurra); St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.-M. McLaughlin); University Medical Center St. Pieter, Brussels, Belgium (I. Muylle); Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (V. Polcavá); Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy (E. Pontali); Marius-Nasta-Institut, Bucharest, Romania (C. Popa, V. Spinu); Otto Wagner Hospital, Vienna, Austria (R. Rumetshofer); Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, Minsk, Belarus (A. Skrahina, Varvara Solodovnikova); Azienda Ospedaliera della Valtellina e della Valchiavenna E. Morelli Reference Hospital for MDR and HIV-TB, Sondalo, Italy (S. Tiberi); Barts Health National Health Service Trust, London (S. Tiberi); National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia, (P. Viiklepp); Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C. Lange)

Main Article

Table 3

Risk factors for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in patients in TBNET study in Europe, 2010–2011*

Factor Non–MDR TB, n = 376 MDR TB, n = 380 Univariable analyisis
 Multivariable analysis
OR (95% CI) p value OR (95% CI) p value
Sex
F 111 141 1 NA 1 NA
M 265 239 0.71 (0.52–0.97) 0.031 0.78 (0.53–1.14) 0.195
Age, y
<45 212 258 1.73 (1.16–2.58) 0.007 1.90 (1.23–2.93) 0.004
≥45 155 109 1 NA 1 NA
Unknown 4 10 NA NA NA NA
Body mass index
<18 31 48 1.64 (0.94–2.85) 0.082 NA NA
18–<25 276 261 1 NA NA NA
≥25 38 49 1.36 (0.65–2.87) 0.414 NA NA
Currently employed
Yes 144 144 1 NA NA NA
No 211 222 1.03 (0.71–1.49) 0.886 NA NA
Unknown 16 14 NA NA NA NA
Foreign born
Yes 63 94 1.63 (1.12–2.38) 0.011 1.52 (0.89–2.61) 0.120
No 313 286 1 NA 1 NA
Imprisonment before current diagnosis
Yes 15 30 2.05 (0.75–5.66) 0.164 1.27 (0.82–1.97) 0.280
No 345 336 1 NA 1 NA
Unknown 16 14 NA NA NA NA
Current homelessness
Yes 21 16 0.73 (0.43–1.24) 0.248 NA NA
No 346 359 1 NA NA NA
Unknown 9 5 NA NA NA NA
Injectable drug user
Yes 13 24 1.87 (0.92–3.83) 0.084 1.32 (0.54–3.21) 0.541
No 332 327 1 NA 1 NA
Unknown 31 29 NA NA NA NA
HIV infected
Yes 16 25 1.57 (0.86–2.87) 0.146 1.78 (0.81–3.89) 0.151
No 320 345 1 NA 1 NA
Not tested 36 9 NA NA NA NA
Unknown 4 1 NA NA NA NA
Diabetes
Yes 20 16 0.80 (0.32–1.98) 0.622 NA NA
No 354 356 1 NA NA NA
Unknown 2 8 NA NA NA NA
Previous TB treatment
Yes 33 133 9.49 (7.05–12.76) <0.001 10.71 (7.33–15.63) <0.001
No 339 244 1 NA 1 NA
Unknown 4 3 NA NA NA NA

*MDR TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; OR, odds ratio; NA, not applicable.

Main Article

1Additional contributors from TBNET are listed at the end of this article.

Page created: February 18, 2015
Page updated: February 18, 2015
Page reviewed: February 18, 2015
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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