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Volume 21, Number 4—April 2015
Online Report

Global Avian Influenza Surveillance in Wild Birds: A Strategy to Capture Viral Diversity

Catherine C. Machalaba, Sarah E. Elwood, Simona Forcella, Kristine M. Smith, Keith Hamilton, Karim B. Jebara, David E. Swayne, Richard Webby, Elizabeth Mumford, Jonna A.K. Mazet, Nicolas Gaidet, Peter Daszak, and William B. KareshComments to Author 
Author affiliations: EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, USA (C.C. Machalaba, S.E. Elwood, K.M. Smith, P. Daszak, W.B. Karesh); World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France (S. Forcella, K. Hamilton, K.B. Jebara, W.B. Karesh); Ministry of Environment and Water, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (K.B. Jebara); US Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, USA (D.E. Swayne); St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA (R.J. Webby); World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (E. Mumford); University of California, Davis, California, USA (J.A.K. Mazet); French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development, Montpellier, France (N. Gaidet); International Union for the Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission, New York (W.B. Karesh)

Main Article

Figure

Feasibility of coordinating and improving avian influenza surveillance in wild birds where viral diversity is highest. Countries in red, orange, and yellow currently self-report some type of avian influenza surveillance in wild birds (For a country list, see online Technical Appendix, http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/EID/article/21/4/14-1415-Techapp1.pdf). Country income levels, based on gross domestic product, further suggest financial capacity to contribute to a coordinated surveillance system. The polar

Figure. Feasibility of coordinating and improving avian influenza surveillance in wild birds where viral diversity is highest. Countries in red, orange, and yellow currently self-report some type of avian influenza surveillance in wild birds (For a country list, see online Technical Appendix, http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/EID/article/21/4/14-1415-Techapp1.pdf). Country income levels, based on gross domestic product, further suggest financial capacity to contribute to a coordinated surveillance system. The polar view emphasizes where most avian influenza viral diversity is circulating.

Main Article

Page created: December 22, 2014
Page updated: December 22, 2014
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The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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