Volume 21, Number 5—May 2015
Dispatch
Getah Virus Infection among Racehorses, Japan, 2014
Figure

Figure. Phylogenetic analyses of the nucleotide sequences of the (A) nonstructural protein 1 (NSP1) gene (nt 218–598) and (B) capsid gene (nt 7645–8196) of Getah virus isolated in Japan, 2014. The genome positions of the NSP1 and capsid genes correspond to those of Kochi/01/2005 strain (GenBank accession no. AB859822) (14). Closed and open circles represent Miho2014, the strain isolated in this study, and MI-110, the strain isolated in 1978, respectively. The percentage bootstrap support is indicated by the value at each node; values <70 are omitted. Scale bars indicate nucleotide substitutions per site.
References
- Griffin DE. Alphaviruses. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, editors. Fields virology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2013. p. 651–86.
- Fukunaga Y, Kumanomido T, Kamada M. Getah virus as an equine pathogen. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2000;16:605–17 .PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Yago K, Hagiwara S, Kawamura H, Narita M. A fatal case in newborn piglets with Getah virus infection: isolation of the virus. Nippon Juigaku Zasshi. 1987;49:989–94. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Izumida A, Takuma H, Inagaki S, Kubota M, Hirahara T, Kodama K, Experimental infection of Getah virus in swine. Nippon Juigaku Zasshi. 1988;50:679–84. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Li XD, Qiu FX, Yang H, Rao YN, Calisher CH. Isolation of Getah virus from mosquitos collected on Hainan Island, China, and results of a serosurvey. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1992;23:730–4 .PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Brown CM, Timoney PJ. Getah virus infection of Indian horses. Trop Anim Health Prod. 1998;30:241–52. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Nemoto M, Yamanaka T, Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Kondo T, Matsumura T. Development and evaluation of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for H3N8 equine influenza virus. J Virol Methods. 2011;178:239–42. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Wekesa SN, Inoshima Y, Murakami K, Sentsui H. Genomic analysis of some Japanese isolates of Getah virus. Vet Microbiol. 2001;83:137–46. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Lawrence GL, Gilkerson J, Love DN, Sabine M, Whalley JM. Rapid, single-step differentiation of equid herpesviruses 1 and 4 from clinical material using the polymerase chain reaction and virus-specific primers. J Virol Methods. 1994;47:59–72. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Balasuriya UB, Leutenegger CM, Topol JB, McCollum WH, Timoney PJ, MacLachlan NJ. Detection of equine arteritis virus by real-time TaqMan reverse transcription-PCR assay. J Virol Methods. 2002;101:21–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Kamada M, Ando Y, Fukunaga Y, Kumanomido T, Imagawa H, Wada R, Equine Getah virus infection: isolation of the virus from racehorses during an enzootic in Japan. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1980;29:984–8 .PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Imagawa H, Ando Y, Kamada M, Sugiura T, Kumanomido T, Fukunaga Y, Sero-epizootiological survey on Getah virus infection in light horses in Japan. Nippon Juigaku Zasshi. 1981;43:797–802. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol. 2011;28:2731–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar