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Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016
Synopsis

Nosocomial Co-Transmission of Avian Influenza A(H7N9) and A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses between 2 Patients with Hematologic Disorders

Huazhong Chen1, Shelan Liu1, Jun Liu1, Chengliang Chai, Haiyan Mao, Zhao Yu, Yuming Tang, Geqin Zhu, Haixiao X. Chen, Chengchu Zhu, Hui Shao, Shuguang Tan, Qianli Wang, Yuhai Bi, Zhen Zou, Guang Liu, Tao Jin, Chengyu Jiang, George F. Gao, Myoung-don Oh2, Sheng Wei2Comments to Author , and Enfu Chen2Comments to Author 
Author affiliations: Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Taizhou, China (H. Chen, H.X. Chen, C. Zhu, H. Shao); Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China (S. Liu, C. Chai, H. Mao, Z. Yu, E. Chen); National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China (J. Liu, G.F. Gao); Linhai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou (Y. Tang); Jiaojiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou (G. Zhu); Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (S. Tan, Q. Wang, Y. Bi, G.F. Gao); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (Z. Zou, C. Jiang); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (G. Liu); BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China (G. Liu, T. Jin); University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (M. Peiris); Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (H. Yu)

Main Article

Table 2

Cytokine and chemokine levels for controls compared with 2 patients with confirmed co-infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang Province, China, January 2014*

Cytokine or chemokine Healthy controls, n = 6
 H7N9-infected controls. n = 21
 Index case-patient Case-patient 2 Change
Mean 95% CI Mean 95% CI
G-CSF 27.6 21.9 to 33.3 47.5 32.1 to 62.9 3421.0 5,759.0 ↑
GROa 260.2 79.6 to 440.8 164.8 89.4 to 240.2 320.8 757.4 ↑
IL-10 0.8 0.4 to 1.2 17.8 12.9 to 22.7 42.2 234.1 ↑
IL-12p40 719.8 59.5 to 1380.1 240.3 −28.2 to 508.8 5176.0 585.5 ↑
IL-16 530.0 −71.7 to 1131.7 260.8 170.2 to 351.3 627.4 468.51 ↑
IL-18 69.9 31.5 to 108.2 163.7 101.3 to 226.1 530.9 1,501.1 ↑
IL-1Ra 111.8 89.5 to 134.1 218.3 164.3 to 272.2 506.7 1,340.1 ↑
IL-2Ra 79.6 51.2 to 108.1 97.5 49.9 to 145.1 699.9 425.4 ↑
IL-3 101.4 30.9 to 171.8 30.8 −0.8 to 62.4 815.3 210.4 ↑
IL-6 4.1 2.8 to 5.4 91.5 50.7 to 132.3 819.6 22,009.0 ↑
IL-8 7.0 2.7 to 11.4 62.2 45.5 to 79.0 1,228.3 2,075.3 ↑
LIF 9.1 0.7 to 17.5 7.9 1.3 to 14.4 34.4 31.2 ↑
MCP-1 7.0 2.9 to 11.0 238.4 91.8 to 384.9 569.7 757.4 ↑
MCP-3 28.5 8.8 to 48.2 8.6 −1.4 to 18.7 28.8 39.5 ↑
SDF-1a 83.0 43.4 to 122.6 72.6 37.3 to 107.9 641.8 273.7 ↑
Extaxin 79.7 36.3 to 123.1 108.9 79.1 to 79.1 25.5 36.3 ↓
GM-CSF 0.1 0.04 to 0.1 65.8 44.5 to 87.1 38.8 26.4 ↓
IFN-γ 66.7 61.3 to 72.1 117.3 91.8 to 142.7 64.3 62.9 ↓
IL-12 p70 8.0 5.3 to 10.7 32.7 25.7 to 39.7 18.0 6.0 ↓
IL-2 3.9 1.9 to 5.8 17.8 13.2 to 22.4 5.3 7.9 ↓
IL-4 2.9 2.2 to 3.5 8.4 6.5 to 10.4 1.2 1.7 ↓
IL-5 1.7 1.1 to 2.2 7.2 4.5 to 10.0 2.1 1.8 ↓
MIG 315.7 189.8 to 441.5 7,860.2 4245.5 to 11,474.9 2,246.4 429.8 ↓
PDGF-bb 532.0 419.8 to 644.3 3,608.5 2,746.0 to 4,471.1 784.5 21.2 ↓
RANTES 613.5 798.5 to 983.5 12,716.5 9,193.1 to 16,239.9 658.5 178.2 ↓

*Levels are given in pg/mL. Arrows indicate cytokine and chemokine levels that were significantly higher (↑) or lower (↓) in the serum samples of the index patient and patient 2 compared with 95% CIs of the mean values of 21 other patients infected with the avian influenza A(H7N9) virus. G-CSF, granulocyte colony stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony–stimulating factor; GROa, growth-regulated oncogene-α; IFN-γ, interferon-gamma; IL, interleukin; MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein; MIG, macrophage-induced gene ; PDGF-bb, platelet-derived growth factor bb; Ra, receptor antagonist; RANTES, regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted; SDF, stromal cell–derived factors.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

2These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: March 15, 2016
Page updated: March 15, 2016
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