Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016
Dispatch

Molecular Characterization of Canine Rabies Virus, Mali, 2006–2013

Abdallah Traoré, Evelyne Picard-Meyer, Stephanie Mauti, Melanie Biarnais, Oliver Balmer, Kassim Samaké, Badian Kamissoko, Saïdou Tembely, Amadou Sery, Abdel K. Traoré, Amy P. Coulibaly, Emmanuelle Robardet, Jakob Zinsstag, and Florence CliquetComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Central Veterinary Laboratory, Bamako, Mali (A. Traoré, K. Samaké, B. Kamissoko, S. Tembely, A. Sery, A.P. Coulibaly); French Agency for Food, Environmental, and Occupational Health and Safety, Malzéville, France (E. Picard-Meyer, M. Biarnais, E. Robardet, F. Cliquet); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel (S. Mauti, O. Balmer, J. Zinsstag); University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (S. Mauti, O. Balmer, J. Zinsstag); Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, Bamako (A.K. Traoré)

Main Article

Table 1

Characteristics of 32 rabies virus samples from dogs, Mali, 2006–2013*

Virus GenBank accession no. Sample ID no. Region Quantitative RT-PCR Ct Subgroup of Africa 2 lineage
RV01 KP976113 420/2006 Bamako 28.51 G
RV04 KP976114 345/2007 Bamako 30.19 H
RV05 KP976130 352/2007 Bamako 25.35 G
RV06 KP976125 58/2008 Bamako 24.09 G
RV09 KP976126 146/2008 Bamako 27.51 G
RV10 KP976122 154/2008 Ségou 25.75 G
RV11 KP976124 167/2008 Koulikoro 23.97 G
RV14 NA 259/2008 Bamako 31.59 H
RV15 KP976123 261/2008 Ségou 26.14 G
RV19 NA 530/2008 Bamako 27.85 G
RV20 KP976117 003/2009 Bamako 32.82 H
RV22 NA 69/2009 Bamako 26.15 H
RV27 NA 118/2009 Bamako 32.30 H
RV44 KP976129 587/2009 Bamako 26.22 G
RV50 NA 19/11/2010 Bamako 27.90 G
RV51 NA 42/2010 Bamako 28.59 G
RV56 NA 171/2010 Koulikoro 22.20 G
RV57 KP976121 176/2010 Gao 21.90 F
RV60 NA 221/2010 Bamako 24.60 H
RV67 NA 603/2010 Bamako 21.30 H
RV68 NA 137/2011 Bamako 20.80 H
RV70 KP976119 149/2011 Bamako 21.70 H
RV79 NA 339/2011 Bamako 24.90 G
RV81 KP976127 357/2011 Bamako 34,20 G
RV84 NA 480/2011 Bamako 21.20 G
RV87 KP976116 612/2011 Bamako 22.50 H
RV88 KP976120 628/2011 Koulikoro 21.70 H
RV89 NA 674/2011 Bamako 20.20 H
RV90 KP976118 688/2011 Bamako 30.80 H
RV93 KP976115 223/2012 Bamako 23.20 H
RV95 NA 366/2012 Bamako 21.00 G
RV96
 KP976128
 100/2013
 Bamako
 29.00
 G
*A fluorescent antibody test was conducted as described by Dean et al. (5). For each tested sample, test paper was impregnated with 100 μL of 10% brain suspension and subjected to molecular biological analysis. Of 100 samples tested, 32 showed positive results by this test. A conventional hemi-nested reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was performed with rabies virus primers JW12–JW6 as described (9). All samples showed positive results by this test. A quantitative RT-PCR was performed with rabies primers JW12–N165-146 (10). This PCR detected >100 RNA copies/µL. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.999, the Y intercept was of 36.65, and efficiency was 99%. Samples in bold (n = 15) had duplicate sequences and were not subjected to phylogenetic analysis. ID, identification; Ct, cycle threshold; NA, not available.

Main Article

References
  1. World Health Organization. WHO expert consultation on rabies. Second report. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2013;982:1–139 .PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Cleaveland  S, Fevre  EM, Kaare  M, Coleman  PG. Estimating human rabies mortality in the United Republic of Tanzania from dog bite injuries. Bull World Health Organ. 2002;80:304–10 .PubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Dao  S, Abdillahi  AM, Bougoudogo  F, Toure  K, Simbe  C. Epidemiological aspects of human and animal rabies in the urban area of Bamako, Mali [in French]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2006;99:183–6 .PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Mauti  S, Traore  A, Hattendorf  J, Schelling  E, Wasniewski  M, Schereffer  JL, Factors associated with dog rabies immunisation status in Bamako, Mali. Acta Trop. 2015;12:pii:S0001-706X(15)30139-X.
  5. Dean  DJ, Abelseth  MK, Atanasiu  P. The fluorescent antibody test. In: Meslin FX, Kaplan MM, Koprowski H, editors. Laboratory techniques in rabies. 4th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1996. p. 88–95.
  6. Kayali  U, Mindekem  R, Yemadji  N, Oussiguere  A, Naissengar  S, Ndoutamia  AG, Incidence of canine rabies in N’Djamena, Chad. Prev Vet Med. 2003;61:227–33. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Talbi  C, Holmes  EC, de Benedictis  P, Faye  O, Nakoune  E, Gamatie  D, Evolutionary history and dynamics of dog rabies virus in western and central Africa. J Gen Virol. 2009;90:783–91. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. De Benedictis  P, Sow  A, Fusaro  A, Veggiato  C, Talbi  C, Kaboré  A, Phylogenetic analysis of rabies viruses from Burkina Faso, 2007. Zoonoses Public Health. 2010;57:e42–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Picard-Meyer  E, Bruyere  V, Barrat  J, Tissot  E, Barrat  MJ, Cliquet  F. Development of a hemi-nested RT-PCR method for the specific determination of European bat Lyssavirus 1. Comparison with other rabies diagnostic methods. Vaccine. 2004;22:1921–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Picard-Meyer  E, Peytavin de Garam  C, Schereffer  JL, Marchal  C, Robardet  E, Cliquet  F. Cross-platform evaluation of commercial real-time SYBR green RT-PCR kits for sensitive and rapid detection of European bat lyssavirus type 1. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:839518. .DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Tamura  K, Stecher  G, Peterson  D, Filipski  A, Kumar  S. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol. 2013;30:2725–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Clement  M, Posada  D, Crandall  KA. TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies. Mol Ecol. 2000;9:1657–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Fèvre  EM, Bronsvoort  BM, Hamilton  KA, Cleaveland  S. Animal movements and the spread of infectious diseases. Trends Microbiol. 2006;14:125–31. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Talbi  C, Lemey  P, Suchard  MA, Abdelatif  E, Elharrak  M, Jalal  N, Phylodynamics and human-mediated dispersal of a zoonotic virus. PLoS Pathog. 2010;6:e1001166 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

Page created: April 13, 2016
Page updated: April 13, 2016
Page reviewed: April 13, 2016
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external