Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016
Dispatch

Infection with Possible Novel Parapoxvirus in Horse, Finland, 2013

Niina AirasComments to Author , Maria Hautaniemi, Pernilla Syrjä, Anna Knuuttila, Niina Putkuri1, Lesley Coulter, Colin J. McInnes, Olli Vapalahti, Anita Huovilainen, and Paula M. Kinnunen2
Author affiliations: University of Helsinki Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland (N. Airas, P. Syrjä, A. Knuuttila, O. Vapalahti, P.M. Kinnunen); Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Helsinki (M. Hautaniemi, A. Huovilainen); Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (N. Putkuri, O. Vapalahti, P.M. Kinnunen); Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, UK (L. Coulter, C.J. McInnes); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki (O. Vapalahti)

Main Article

Figure 2

Phylogenetic analyses of sequences amplified from skin lesion of horse infected with possible novel parapoxvirus, Finland, 2013 (poxvirus variant F14.1158H), and other poxviruses. Trees were generated by using the neighbor-joining method in MEGA 6 software (http://www.megasoftware.net) (12), based on A) 184 aa of envelope phospholipase gene and B) 195 aa of viral RNA polymerase gene RP0147. GenBank accession numbers for sequences used in the analyses: JF773701 (Orf virus [ORFV] F07.821R), JF7737

Figure 2. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences amplified from skin lesion of horse infected with possible novel parapoxvirus, Finland, 2013 (poxvirus variant F14.1158H), and other poxviruses. Trees were generated by using the neighbor-joining method in MEGA 6 software (http://www.megasoftware.net) (12), based on A) 184 aa of envelope phospholipase gene and B) 195 aa of viral RNA polymerase gene RP0147. GenBank accession numbers for sequences used in the analyses: JF773701 (Orf virus [ORFV] F07.821R), JF773703 (ORFV F09.1160S), AY386263 (ORFV IA82), AY386264 (ORFV SA00), DQ184476 (ORFV NZ2), GQ329670 (pseudocowpox virus [PCPV] VR634), JF773695 (PCPV F10.3081C), JF773692 (PCPV F07.798R), GQ329669 (PCPV F00.120R), AY453655 (parapoxvirus of red deer in New Zealand [PVNZ] DPV), AY453664 (bovine papular stomatitis virus [BPSV] V660), AY386265 (BPSV AR02), AF414182 (sealpoxvirus [SPV]), U60315 (molluscum contagiosum virus [MOCV] subtype 1), HE601899 (squirrelpox virus [SQPV] red squirrel UK), GQ902051.1 (PCPV 07012), GQ902054.1 (BPSV 07005), KM491712 (2013_013), and KM491713 (2012_037). The final 2 sequences originated from recent cases in humans with equine contacts in the United States (7). The reliability of the trees was determined by 1,000 dataset bootstrap resampling; the percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown in the branches. Scale bars indicate amino acid substitutions per site.

Download

Main Article

References
  1. Essbauer  S, Pfeffer  M, Meyer  H. Zoonotic poxviruses. Vet Microbiol. 2010;140:229–36 .DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Fairley  RA, Whelan  EM, Pesavento  PA, Mercer  AA. Recurrent localized cutaneous parapoxviruses infection in three cats. N Z Vet J. 2008;56:196–201 .DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Skinner  MA, Buller  RM, Damon  IK, Lefkowitz  EJ, McFadden  G, Mc Innes  CJ, 2012. Poxviridae. In: King AMQ, Adams MJ, Carstens EB, Lefkowitz EJ, editors. Virus taxonomy: classification and nomenclature of viruses. Ninth report of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press, 2012. p. 291–309.
  4. Tikkanen  MK, McInnes  CJ, Mercer  AA, Buttner  M, Tuimala  J, Hirvela-Koski  V, Recent isolates of parapoxvirus of Finnish reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) are closely related to bovine pseudocowpox virus. J Gen Virol. 2004;85:1413–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Hautaniemi  M, Vaccari  F, Scagliarini  A, Laaksonen  S, Huovilainen  A, McInnes  CJ. Analysis of deletion within the reindeer pseudocowpoxvirus genome. Virus Res. 2011;160:326–32. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Haig  DM, Mercer  AA. Ovine diseases. Orf. Vet Res. 1998;29:311–26.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Osadebe  LU, Manhiram  K, McCollum  AM, Li  Y, Emerson  GL, Gallardo-Romero  NF, Novel poxvirus infection in 2 patients from the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60:195–202. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Kinnunen  PM. Detection and epidemiology of cowpox and Borna disease virus infections [dissertation]. Helsinki (Finland): University of Helsinki; 2011 [cited 2015 Oct 3]. https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/27343
  9. Putkuri  N, Piiparinen  H, Vaheri  A, Vapalahti  O. Detection of human orthopoxvirus infections and differentiation of smallpox virus with real-time PCR. J Med Virol. 2009;81:146–52. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Li  Y, Meyer  H, Zhao  H, Damon  IK. GC content-based pan-pox universal PCR assays for poxvirus detection. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48:268–76. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Inoshima  Y, Morooka  A, Sentsui  H. Detection and diagnosis of parapoxvirus by the polymerase chain reaction. J Virol Methods. 2000;84:201–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Tamura  K, Stecher  G, Peterson  D, Filipski  A, Kumar  S. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol. 2013;30:2725–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Fleming  SB, Wise  LM, Mercer  AA. Molecular genetic analysis of orf virus: a poxvirus that has adapted to skin. Viruses. 2015;7:1505–39. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Cleaveland  S, Laurenson  MK, Taylor  LH. Diseases of humans and their domestic mammals: pathogen characteristics, host range and the risk of emergence. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2001;356:991–9 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

1Current affiliation: Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

2Current affiliation: Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Helsinki, Finland.

Page created: June 14, 2016
Page updated: June 14, 2016
Page reviewed: June 14, 2016
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external