Surveillance for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Birds during Outbreaks in Domestic Poultry, Minnesota, 2015
Christopher S. Jennelle
, Michelle Carstensen, Erik C. Hildebrand, Louis Cornicelli, Paul Wolf, Daniel A. Grear, Hon S. Ip, Kaci K. Vandalen, and Larissa A. Minicucci
Author affiliations: Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Forest Lake, Minnesota, USA (C.S. Jennelle, M. Carstensen, E.C. Hildebrand, L. Cornicelli); United States Department of Agriculture–Wildlife Services, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA (P. Wolf); US Geological Survey–National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA (D.A. Grear, H.S. Ip); US Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (K.K. Vandalen); University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul (L.A. Minicucci)
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Figure 1
Figure 1. Minnesota collection sites for waterfowl feces sampled for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in spring 2015 (N = 3,139). Although HPAIV was confirmed in a Nicollet County poultry facility on May 5, 2015, our sampling occurred during April 22–April 27, 2015, and we consider this a control area (control no. 2). WMA, wildlife management area; NWR, national wildlife refuge.
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