Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 23, Number 1—January 2017
Dispatch

Upsurge of Enterovirus D68, the Netherlands, 2016

Marjolein KnoesterComments to Author , Elisabeth H. Schölvinck, Randy Poelman, Sylvia Smit, Clementien L. Vermont, Hubert G.M. Niesters, and Coretta C. Van Leer-Buter
Author affiliations: University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

Main Article

Figure 2

Maximum-parsimony tree of partial viral protein 1 sequences of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68). Included are the strains obtained in the laboratory of the University Medical Center Groningen (Groningen, the Netherlands) in 2014 (light gray, n = 23) and 2016 (black, n = 20) and worldwide isolates from 2014 (dark gray, n = 73). Recent strains cluster in the recently described clade B3, with a nucleotide divergence of 2.1% within clade B3, 5.5% to clade B1, and 7.3% to clade B2. Clades are according to To

Figure 2. Maximum-parsimony tree of partial viral protein 1 sequences of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68). Included are the strains obtained in the laboratory of the University Medical Center Groningen (Groningen, the Netherlands) in 2014 (light gray, n = 23) and 2016 (black, n = 20) and worldwide isolates from 2014 (dark gray, n = 73). Recent strains cluster in the recently described clade B3, with a nucleotide divergence of 2.1% within clade B3, 5.5% to clade B1, and 7.3% to clade B2. Clades are according to Tokarz et al. and Gong et al (7,8). We submitted the 20 sequences we obtained during 2016 to GenBank under accession nos.: KX685066–KX685084 and KX710328. CHN, China; DNK, Denmark; ESP, Spain; FIN, Finland; FRA, France; GER, Germany; IRL, Ireland; ITA, Italy; NLD, the Netherlands; SVN, Slovenia; USA, United States. White circles indicate reference strains (n = 2).

Main Article

References
  1. Sejvar  JJ, Lopez  AS, Cortese  MM, Leshem  E, Pastula  DM, Miller  L, et al. Acute flaccid myelitis in the United States, August–December 2014: results of nation-wide surveillance. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63:73745 .DOIGoogle Scholar
  2. Poelman  R, Schüffenecker  I, Van Leer-Buter  C, Josset  L, Niesters  HG, Lina  B. ESCV-ECDC EV-D68 study group. European surveillance for enterovirus D68 during the emerging North-American outbreak in 2014. J Clin Virol. 2015;71:19 .DOIGoogle Scholar
  3. Poelman  R, Schölvinck  EH, Borger  R, Niesters  HG, van Leer-Buter  C. The emergence of enterovirus D68 in a Dutch University Medical Center and the necessity for routinely screening for respiratory viruses. J Clin Virol. 2015;62:15 .DOIGoogle Scholar
  4. Rahamat-Langendoen  J, Riezebos-Brilman  A, Borger  R, van der Heide  R, Brandenburg  A, Schölvinck  E, et al. Upsurge of human enterovirus 68 infections in patients with severe respiratory tract infections. J Clin Virol. 2011;52:1036 .DOIGoogle Scholar
  5. Bosis  S, Esposito  S, Niesters  HGM, Zuccotti  GV, Marseglia  G, Lanari  M, et al. Role of respiratory pathogens in infants hospitalized for a first episode of wheezing and their impact on recurrences. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2008;14:67784 .DOIGoogle Scholar
  6. Nix  WA, Oberste  MS, Pallansch  MA. Sensitive, seminested PCR amplification of VP1 sequences for direct identification of all enterovirus serotypes from original clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44:2698704 .DOIGoogle Scholar
  7. Tokarz  R, Firth  C, Madhi  SA, Howie  SR, Wu  W, Sall  AA, et al. Worldwide emergence of multiple clades of enterovirus 68. J Gen Virol. 2012;93:19528 .DOIGoogle Scholar
  8. Gong  YN, Yang  SL, Shih  SR, Huang  YC, Chang  PY, Huang  CG, et al. Molecular evolution and the global reemergence of enterovirus D68 by genome-wide analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95:e4416 .DOIGoogle Scholar
  9. Messacar  K, Abzug  MJ, Dominguez  SR. 2014 outbreak of enterovirus D68 in North America. J Med Virol. 2016;88:73945 .DOIGoogle Scholar
  10. Jansen  RR, Wieringa  J, Koekkoek  SM, Visser  CE, Pajkrt  D, Molenkamp  R, et al. Frequent detection of respiratory viruses without symptoms: toward defining clinically relevant cutoff values. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49:26316 .DOIGoogle Scholar
  11. Aliabadi  N, Messacar  K, Pastula  DM, Robinson  CC, Leshem  E, Sejvar  JJ, et al. Enterovirus D68 infection in children with acute flaccid myelitis, Colorado, USA, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22:138794 .DOIGoogle Scholar
  12. Messacar  K, Schreiner  TL, Van Haren  K, Yang  M, Glaser  CA, Tyler  KL, et al. Acute flaccid myelitis: A clinical review of US cases 2012–2015. Ann Neurol. 2016;80:32638 .DOIGoogle Scholar
  13. Miller  L. Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Standardized case definition for acute flaccid myelitis. 2015 [cited 2016 Aug 20]. http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.cste.org/resource/resmgr/2015PS/2015PSFinal/15-ID-01.pdf
  14. Schuffenecker  I, Mirand  A, Josset  L, Henquell  C, Hecquet  D, Pilorgé  L, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients infected with enterovirus D68, France, July to December 2014. Euro Surveill. 2016;21:21 .DOIGoogle Scholar

Main Article

Page created: December 14, 2016
Page updated: December 14, 2016
Page reviewed: December 14, 2016
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external