Emerging Infectious Disease ISSN: 1080-6059

Antimicrobial-Drug Use and Changes in Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Daniel J. Diekema

, Angela B. Brueggemann, and Gary V. Doern

Author affiliations: University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa

Change in resistance^a among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates at 23 U.S. medical centers, 1994-95 and 1997-98

Medical center	No. of isolates	Study period	Erythromycin	Change (%)	Penicillin I + R^b	Change (%)
Seattle, WA	37	1994-95	5.4		35.1
	50	1997-98	30.0	24.6	38.0	2.9
Denver, CO	62	1994-95	3.2		14.5
	26	1997-98	7.7	4.5	15.4	0.9
Phoenix, AZ	57	1994-95	12.3		40.4
	54	1997-98	35.2	22.9	40.7	0.3
Houston, TX	63	1994-95	22.2		25.4
	48	1997-98	43.8	21.6	64.6	39.2
Dallas, TX	58	1994-95	6.9		22.4
	36	1997-98	27.8	20.9	30.5	8.1
Rochester, MN	35	1994-95	8.6		14.2
	48	1997-98	20.8	12.2	22.9	8.7
Milwaukee, WI	65	1994-95	18.5		33.8
	55	1997-98	10.9	-7.6	20.0	-13.8
Evanston, IL	49	1994-95	8.2		14.3
	35	1997-98	14.3	6.1	14.3	0.0
Chicago, IL	41	1994-95	17.1		34.1
	41	1997-98	19.5	2.4	19.5	-14.6
Indianapolis, IN	63	1994-95	7.9		20.7
	55	1997-98	18.2	10.3	25.5	4.8
St. Louis, MO	57	1994-95	8.9		24.6
	55	1997-98	12.7	3.8	29.1	4.5
Detroit, MI	63	1994-95	6.3		19.0
	60	1997-98	10.0	3.7	30.0	11.9
Cleveland, OH	42	1994-95	11.9		19.0
	60	1997-98	20.0	8.1	23.2	4.2
Philadelphia, PA	47	1994-95	2.1		2.1
	42	1997-98	11.9	9.8	21.4	19.3
Syracuse, NY	23	1994-95	8.7		8.7
	50	1997-98	8.0	-0.7	20.0	11.3
Rochester, NY	58	1994-95	6.9		10.4
	50	1997-98	12.0	5.1	20.0	9.6
New York, NY	64	1994-95	4.7		12.6
	53	1997-98	3.8	-0.9	20.8	8.2
Hartford, CT	61	1994-95	3.3		8.2
	51	1997-98	7.8	4.5	27.4	19.2
Washington, DC	60	1994-95	13.3		23.3
	28	1997-98	28.6	15.3	35.7	12.4
Chapel Hill, NC	60	1994-95	10.0		31.7
	49	1997-98	38.8	28.8	57.1	25.4
Decatur, GA	61	1994-95	23.0		36.1
	52	1997-98	26.9	3.9	44.2	8.1
Mobile, AL	68	1994-95	16.2		20.6
	58	1997-98	37.9	21.7	41.3	20.7
Miami, FL	17	1994-95	5.9		52.9
	27	1997-98	29.6	23.7	51.8	-1.1
TOTAL	1,211	1994-95	10.2		22.2
	1,083	1997-98	20.6	10.4	31.1	8.9

^aIncludes both intermediate- and high-level resistance to penicillin and erythromycin.
^bI + R = both intermediate and fully resistant.