Volume 7, Number 1—February 2001
Synopsis
Quinolone and Macrolide Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli: Resistance Mechanisms and Trends in Human Isolates
Jørgen Engberg*
, Frank M. Aarestrup†, Diane E. Taylor‡, Peter Gerner-Smidt*, and Irving Nachamkin§
, Frank M. Aarestrup†, Diane E. Taylor‡, Peter Gerner-Smidt*, and Irving Nachamkin§Table 1
Veterinary licensing of fluoroquinolones in selected countries
| Country | Substance | Licensing year | Animal species |
|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (22) | Enrofloxacin Danofloxacin Difloxacin | 1992 1996 1998 | Cattle, pigs, poultry Poultry Poultry |
| Canadaa | Enrofloxacin | 1987 (with-drawn in 1997) | Turkey (egg dip) |
| Denmark (22) | Enrofloxacin Danofloxacin Difloxacin Marbofloxacin | 1991 1993 1998 1998 | Cattle, pigs, poultry Poultry Poultry, turkey Cattle, pigs, dogs, cats |
| Finland (22) | Enrofloxacin | 1992 (oral use | Pigs |
| with-drawn in 1999) | |||
| Difloxacin | 1998 | Poultry | |
| France (22) | Enrofloxacin Danofloxacin Marbofloxacin Difloxacin | 1991 1996 1993 1998 | Cattle, poultry Cattle Cattle Poultry |
| Italy (22) | Enrofloxacin Difloxacin | 1989 1998 | Cattle, pigs, poultry Poultry |
| Japanb | Enrofloxacin Danofloxacin Ofloxacin Orbifloxacin Difloxacin Norfloxacin | 1991 1992 1992 1993 1992 1993 1996 1998 | Cattle, poultry Pigs Poultry Cattle, pigs Poultry Cattle, pigs Pigs Poultry |
| Netherlands (22) | Enrofloxacin Difloxacin | 1987 1998 | Cattle, pigs, poultry Poultry |
| Spain (22) | Enrofloxacin Difloxacin | 1986 1998 | Cattle, pigs, poultry Poultry |
| United Kingdom (22) | Enrofloxacin Danofloxacin Marbofloxacin Difloxacin | 1993 1993 1995 1998 | Cattle, pigs, poultry Poultry Cattle Poultry |
| USAc | Enrofloxacin Sarafloxacin | Approx 1987-88 1996 1999 1995 | Dogs, cats Poultry Cattle Poultry |
aRJ Irwin, Health Canada, 1999. pers. comm.
bY Tamura, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Japan, 1999. pers. comm.
cJL Watts. Pharmacia/Upjohn, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1999. pers. comm.
