Volume 8, Number 12—December 2002
Research
Leptospirosis: Skin Wounds and Control Strategies, Thailand, 1999
Phran Phraisuwan*, Ellen A. Spotts Whitney†, Piyanit Tharmaphornpilas*, Suriya Guharat*, Samart Thongkamsamut‡, Suphaporn Aresagig‡, Jayteeya Liangphongphanthu§, Kanlayanee Junthima, Apirat Sokampang, and David A. Ashford†
Table 1
Results of univariate analysis of potential risk factors for leptospirosis infection among persons participating in cleaning a pond: odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and chi-square p value
| Risk Factor | Infected (n = 43) (%) | Noninfected (n = 61) (%) | OR (95%CI) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||||||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 27 (62.8) | 28 (45.9) | 1.99 (0.896 to 4.42) | 0.091 | ||
| Female | 16 (37.2) | 33 (54.1) | ||||
| Age in yrs (continuous) | 0.970 (0.939 to 1.00) | |||||
| Individual | ||||||
| Reported clinical illness | 17 (39.5) | 15 (24.6) | 2.01 (0.862 to 4.67) | 0.106 | ||
| Location in the pond where work was preformed | ||||||
| Site 1 | 5 (11.6) | 10 (16.4) | 0.67 (0.212 to 2.13) | 0.498 | ||
| Site 2 | 13 (30.2) | 14 (23.0) | 1.45 (0.602 to 3.52) | 0.405 | ||
| Site 3 | 15 (34.9) | 30 (49.2) | 0.55 (0.248 to 1.24) | 0.149 | ||
| Site 4 | 11 (25.6) | 17 (27.9) | 0.89 (0.367 to 2.16) | 0.796 | ||
| Site 5 | 14 (32.6) | 14 (23.0) | 1.62 (0.677 to 3.88) | 0.279 | ||
| Site 6 | 7 (16.3) | 7 (11.5) | 1.50 (0.485 to 4.64) | 0.482 | ||
| Site 7 | 10 (23.3) | 11 (18.0) | 1.38 (0.526 to 3.61) | 0.514 | ||
| Place where person ate lunch, pond rim vs. elsewhere | 2 (4.7) | 5 (8.2) | 0.55 (0.101 to 2.96) | 0.483 | ||
| Clothing worn while working in the pond | ||||||
| Shirt | 443 (100) | 60 (98.4) | * | 0.986 | ||
| Short sleeve shirt | 10 (23.3) | 7 (11.5) | 2.34 (0.811 to 6.74) | 0.116 | ||
| Long sleeve shirt | 33 (76.7) | 53 (86.9) | 0.500 (0.178 to 1.39) | 0.183 | ||
| Trousers | 26 (60.5) | 44 (72.1) | 0.590 (0.258 to 1.35) | 0.214 | ||
| Long skirt | 6 (14.0) | 11 (18.0) | 0.740 (0.250 to 2.17) | 0.581 | ||
| Trousers or long skirt vs. shorts | 32 (74.4) | 55 (90.2) | 0.32 (0.107 to 0.940) | 0.038 | ||
| Any type of glove | 1 (2.3) | 2 (3.3) | 0.700 (0.062 to 8.00) | 0.776 | ||
| Slippers | 5 (11.6) | 11 (18.0) | 0.600 (0.192 to 1.87) | 0.376 | ||
| Tennis shoes or cut shoes | 1 (2.3) | 1 (1.6) | 1.43 (0.087 to 23.5) | 0.803 | ||
| Boots | 2 (4.7) | 7 (11.5) | 0.38 (0.074 to 1.91) | 0.238 | ||
| Boots filled with water | 3 (7.0) | 12 (19.7) | 0.310 (0.081 to 1.16) | 0.082 | ||
| Any use of footwear | 11 (25.6) | 31 (50.8) | 0.33 (0.142 to 0.778) | 0.011 | ||
| Wounds present while working in the pond | ||||||
| Any hand wound | 31 (72.1) | 34 (55.7) | 2.05 (0.889 to 4.73) | 0.092 | ||
| Hand wounds, 0–5 vs. 6 or more | 12 (27.9) | 11 (18.0) | 1.76 (0.692 to 4.47) | 0.235 | ||
| Any trunk wound | 2 (4.7) | 2 (3.3) | 1.44 (0.195 to 10.6) | 0.721 | ||
| Trunk wounds, 0–5 vs. 6 or more | 1 (2.3) | 1 (1.6) | 1.43 (0.087 to 23.5) | 0.803 | ||
| Any leg wounds | 10 (23.3) | 6 (9.8) | 2.78 (0.924 to 8.35) | 0.069 | ||
| Leg wounds, 0–5 vs. 6 or more | 5 (11.6) | 1 (1.6) | 7.89 (0.888 to 70.2) | 0.064 | ||
| Any foot wound | 3 (7.0) | 9 (14.8) | 0.43 (0.110 to 1.71) | 0.232 | ||
| Any wound | 33 (76.7) | 40 (65.6) | 1.73 (0.716 to 4.19) | 0.233 | ||
| Total number of wounds dichotomized at the median, 2.0 | 21 (48.8) | 13 (21.3) | 3.52 (1.50, 8.30) | 0.004 | ||
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