Volume 9, Number 11—November 2003
Research
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Transmission and Risk Factors of Contacts, Uganda1
Paolo Francesconi*, Zabulon Yoti†, Silvia Declich*
, Paul Awil Onek‡, Massimo Fabiani*, Joseph Olango‡, Roberta Andraghetti*, Pierre E. Rollin§, Cyprian Opira†, Donato Greco*, and Stefania Salmaso*
, Paul Awil Onek‡, Massimo Fabiani*, Joseph Olango‡, Roberta Andraghetti*, Pierre E. Rollin§, Cyprian Opira†, Donato Greco*, and Stefania Salmaso*Table 2
Univariate analysis of risk factors for Ebola hemorrhagic fever among a population of 83 contacts, Gulu, Uganda, 2000
| Risk factors | No. of cases (%) | Crude PPR (95% CI)a | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics |
||||
| Sex |
||||
| Male |
6 (18.2) |
1 |
||
| Female |
14 (28.0) |
1.54 (0.66 to 3.60) |
0.446 |
|
| Age group (y) |
||||
| <30 |
9 (20.5) |
1 |
||
| >30 |
11 (28.2) |
1.38 (0.64 to 2.97) |
0.571 |
|
| Direct transmission |
||||
| Touched sick person |
||||
| No |
1 (7.7) |
1 |
||
| Yes |
19 (27.1) |
3.53 (0.52 to 24.11) |
0.173 |
|
| Touched body of deceased person |
||||
| No |
9 (17.6) |
1 |
||
| Yes |
11 (34.4) |
1.95 (0.91 to 4.17) |
0.141 |
|
| Contact with body fluids |
||||
| No |
5 (9.4) |
1 |
||
| Yes |
15 (50.0) |
5.30 (2.14 to 13.14) |
< 0.001 |
|
| Indirect transmission |
||||
| Shared meals |
||||
| No |
14 (20.6) |
1 |
||
| Yes |
6 (40.0) |
1.94 (0.89 to 4.22) |
0.178 |
|
| Washed clothes |
||||
| No |
9 (18.8) |
1 |
||
| Yes |
11 (31.4) |
1.68 (0.78 to 3.60) |
0.283 |
|
| Slept in the same hut/on the same mat |
||||
| No |
9 (16.4) |
1 |
||
| Shared only the hut |
6 (35.3) |
2.16 (0.90 to 5.19) |
||
| Shared also the same mat |
5 (45.5) |
2.78 (1.15 to 6.70) |
0.019 (for trend) |
|
| Ritual handwashing during funeral |
||||
| No |
13 (19.4) |
1 |
||
| Yes |
7 (43.7) |
2.25 (1.08 to 4.72) |
0.054 |
|
| Communal meal during funeral |
||||
| No |
9 (15.5) |
1 |
||
| Yes | 11 (44.0) | 2.84 (1.35 to 5.98) | 0.012 | |
aPPR, prevalence proportion ratios; CI, confidence interval.
