Volume 9, Number 11—November 2003
Research
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Transmission and Risk Factors of Contacts, Uganda1
Paolo Francesconi*, Zabulon Yoti†, Silvia Declich*
, Paul Awil Onek‡, Massimo Fabiani*, Joseph Olango‡, Roberta Andraghetti*, Pierre E. Rollin§, Cyprian Opira†, Donato Greco*, and Stefania Salmaso*
, Paul Awil Onek‡, Massimo Fabiani*, Joseph Olango‡, Roberta Andraghetti*, Pierre E. Rollin§, Cyprian Opira†, Donato Greco*, and Stefania Salmaso*Table 4
Multivariate analyses on risk factors for Ebola hemorrhagic fever related to direct and indirect transmission among 83 contacts, Gulu, Uganda, 2000
| Risk factors | Adjusted PPRa | 95% CIb | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1: Direct transmission |
|||
| Touching patient during illness |
1.56 |
0.19 to 13.04 |
0.679 |
| Touching dead body |
1.84 |
0.95 to 3.55 |
0.069 |
| Contact with patient fluid |
4.61 |
1.73 to 12.29 |
0.002 |
| Model 2: Indirect transmissionc |
|||
| Sharing meals |
1.69 |
1.00 to 2.85 |
0.050 |
| Washing clothes |
1.02 |
0.47 to 2.22 |
0.957 |
| Sleeping in the same hut/on the same mat |
|||
| Sharing only the hut |
2.34 |
1.13 to 4.84 |
0.022 |
| Sharing also the mat |
2.93 |
1.16 to 7.38 |
0.023 |
| Ritual handwashing during funeral |
1.16 |
0.54 to 2.49 |
0.706 |
| Communal meal during funeral | 1.50 | 0.98 to 2.28 | 0.060 |
aPPRs, prevalence proportion ratios adjusted for all the variables included in the model.
bCI, confidence intervals.
cModel 2 has been run controlling for the potential confounding effect due to the intensity of direct contacts with a case-patient (less than two types of direct contacts versus two or more types of direct contacts).
