Volume 13, Number 10—October 2007
THEME ISSUE
Global Poverty and Human Development
Research
HIV and Tuberculosis in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 1997–2002
Tran Ngoc Buu*†, Rein M.G.J. Houben‡§1, Hoang Thi Quy*, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lan*, Martien W. Borgdorff†‡, and Frank G.J. Cobelens†‡
Table 1
HIV prevalence in tuberculosis patients in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 1997–2002*
| Variable | 1997–1998, % (n/N) | 1999–2000, % (n/N) | 2001–2002, % (n/N) | p value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study population | 1.5 (38/2,476) | 2.9 (47/1,617) | 9.0 (144/1,608) | <0.001 |
| Age, y | ||||
| <24 | 0.6 (2/342) | 5.9 (14/239) | 19.9 (53/267) | <0.001 |
| 25–34 | 2.0 (14/711) | 3.1 (14/452) | 14.4 (65/450) | <0.001 |
| 35–44 | 2.4 (17/719) | 2.4 (11/460) | 3.6 (16/439) | 0.100 |
| 45–54 | 0.7 (5/704) | 1.7 (8/466) | 2.2 (10/452) | 0.020 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 2.0 (35/1,749) | 3.8 (43/1,139) | 11.6 (134/1,158) | <0.001 |
| Female |
0.4 (3/727) |
0.8 (4/478) |
2.2 (10/450) |
0.001 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 1.2 (19/1,538) | 1.4 (14/989) | 4.7 (46/975) | <0.001 |
| Single | 1.8 (14/775) | 5.4 (28/521) | 15.9 (87/549) | <0.001 |
| Separated | 3.1 (5/163) | 4.7 (5/107) | 13.1 (11/84) | 0.010 |
| Education level | ||||
| Illiterate | 1.1 (3/281) | 2.0 (3/151) | 9.4 (10/106) | 0.001 |
| Primary | 1.4 (18/1298) | 3.8 (18/478) | 10.7 (55/512) | <0.001 |
| Secondary or higher | 1.9 (17/897) | 2.6 (26/988) | 8.0 (79/990) | <0.001 |
| Employment status | ||||
| Employed | 0.9 (3/334) | 2.3 (7/300) | 5.8 (21/362) | <0.001 |
| Self-employed | 1.6 (22/1376) | 2.9 (26/909) | 8.6 (84/979) | <0.001 |
| Unemployed |
1.7 (13/766) |
3.4 (14/408) |
14.6 (39/267) |
<0.001 |
| Risk group | ||||
| Injection drug use | 31.3 (5/16) | 47.1 (8/17) | 95.4 (41/43) | <0.001 |
| Other | 1.3 (33/2,460) | 2.4 (39/1,600) | 6.6 (103/1,565) | <0.001 |
| Patient history | ||||
| New case | 1.6 (33/2,018) | 2.9 (39/1,338) | 9.5 (129/1,358) | <0.001 |
| Relapsed case | 0.5 (1/223) | 4.1 (5/122) | 5.0 (6/119) | 0.002 |
| Other‡ | 1.7 (4/235) | 1.9 (3/157) | 6.9 (9/131) | 0.030 |
| Tuberculosis type | ||||
| Smear-positive | 1.5 (27/1,799) | 3.3 (38/1,145) | 8.3 (91/1,100) | <0.001 |
| Smear-negative | 0.3 (1/362) | 1.5 (4/260) | 5.2 (10/194) | <0.001 |
| Extrapulmonary | 3.2 (10/315) | 2.4 (5/212) | 13.7 (43/314) | <0.001 |
*%, percentage of HIV-positive patients; n, no. HIV-infected patients; N, total no. patients.
†p value for Cuzick nonparametric test for trend across time periods.
‡Includes previously treated tuberculosis patients who did not respond to treatment, defaulted, or received their first treatment outside the National TB Program.
