Volume 13, Number 9—September 2007
Research
Spectrum of Infection and Risk Factors for Human Monkeypox, United States, 2003
Mary G. Reynolds*
, Whitni B. Davidson*, Aaron T. Curns*, Craig S. Conover†, Gregory Huhn*‡, Jeffrey P. Davis§, Mark Wegner§, Donita R. Croft§, Alexandra Newman*§, Nkolika N. Obiesie¶, Gail R. Hansen¶, Patrick L. Hays¶, Pamela Pontones#, Brad Beard#, Robert Teclaw#, James F. Howell#, Zachary Braden*, Robert C. Holman*, Kevin L. Karem*, and Inger K. Damon*
, Whitni B. Davidson*, Aaron T. Curns*, Craig S. Conover†, Gregory Huhn*‡, Jeffrey P. Davis§, Mark Wegner§, Donita R. Croft§, Alexandra Newman*§, Nkolika N. Obiesie¶, Gail R. Hansen¶, Patrick L. Hays¶, Pamela Pontones#, Brad Beard#, Robert Teclaw#, James F. Howell#, Zachary Braden*, Robert C. Holman*, Kevin L. Karem*, and Inger K. Damon*Table 2
Characteristics of monkeypox case-patients and controls selected from the population of persons exposed, monkeypox virus outbreak, United States, 2003
| Characteristic | Study classifications, no. (%) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Case-patients | Case-patients infected but not diseased | Controls | |
| State | |||
| Illinois | 8 (26.7) | 1 (33.3) | 8 (28.6) |
| Indiana | 10 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) | 17 (60.7) |
| Kansas | 1 (3.3) | 0 | 0 |
| Wisconsin | 11 (36.7) | 1 (33.3) | 3 (10.7) |
| Age, y | |||
| <18 | 10 (33.3) | 0 | 7 (25.0) |
| >18 | 20 (66.7) | 3 (100) | 21 (75.0) |
| History of smallpox vaccination | |||
| Yes | 6 (20.0) | 3 (100) | 15 (53.6) |
| No |
24 (80.0) |
0 |
13 (46.4) |
| Setting in which exposure occurred* | |||
| Home | 18 (60.0) | 1 (33.3) | 17 (60.7) |
| Neighbor’s home | 3 (10.0) | 0 | 6 (21.4) |
| Pet store | 2 (6.7) | 1 (33.3) | 1 (3.6) |
| Veterinary clinic | 7 (23.3) | 1 (33.3) | 4 (14.3) |
| Exposure source†‡ | |||
| Prairie dog (PD) | 30 (100) | 3 (100) | 28 (100) |
| PD and African animal | 1 (3.3) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (7.1) |
| PD and other animal | 1 (3.3) | 0 | 2 (7.1) |
| Only other animal |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Symptoms postexposure | |||
| Fever | 28§ (93.3) | 2 (66.7) | 4 (14.3) |
| Rash | 30 (100) | 1 (33.3) | 7 (25.0) |
| Lymphadenopathy | 20 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | 4 (14.3) |
| Mouth sores | 8 (26.7) | 0 | 1 (3.6) |
| Conjunctivitis | 4 (13.3) | 0 | 0 |
| Cough |
17 (56.7) |
0 |
2 (7.1) |
| Total | 30 | 3 | 28 |
*Indicates principal setting for exposure.
†Reported exposures pertain to animals with laboratory-confirmed monkeypox infections (15) or ones that had lesion-producing illnesses plus prior exposure to a confirmed infected animal. African animals included dormice, giant Gambian rats, jerboas, hedgehogs, striped mice, and pygmy mice.
‡Includes all reported exposures; categories not mutually exclusive.
§Self-reported information for fever was indicated as unknown or was missing for 2 persons who had laboratory-confirmed monkeypox infections.
