Emerging Infectious Disease ISSN: 1080-6059

Exposure to Novel Parainfluenza Virus and Clinical Relevance in 2 Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Populations

Stephanie Venn-Watson*

, Rebecca Rivera‡, Cynthia R. Smith*, Jeremiah T. Saliki§, Shannon Caseltine§¹, Judy St. Leger¶, Pam Yochem‡, Randall S. Wells#, and Hendrik Nollens‡**

Author affiliations: *US Navy Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, California, USA; ‡G2 Software Systems, Inc., San Diego, California, USA; ‡Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute, San Diego, California, USA; §Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA; ¶SeaWorld, San Diego, California, USA; #Chicago Zoological Society c/o Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Florida, USA; **University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;

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Figure 2

Evidence of active parainfluenza virus (PIV) infection in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) with inflammatory hemograms or clinical illness. A) PIV antibody optical density at 405 nm (OD405) ratios in a 3-year-old female bottlenose dolphin; B) PIV antibody OD405 ratios in a 26-year-old male bottlenose dolphin; C) PIV antibody OD405 ratios in a 22-year-old male bottlenose dolphin.

Figure 2. Evidence of active parainfluenza virus (PIV) infection in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) with inflammatory hemograms or clinical illness. A) PIV antibody optical density at 405 nm (OD₄₀₅) ratios in a 3-year-old female bottlenose dolphin; B) PIV antibody OD₄₀₅ ratios in a 26-year-old male bottlenose dolphin; C) PIV antibody OD₄₀₅ ratios in a 22-year-old male bottlenose dolphin.

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¹Current affiliation: University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.

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