Volume 14, Number 3—March 2008
Research
Exposure to Novel Parainfluenza Virus and Clinical Relevance in 2 Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Populations
Stephanie Venn-Watson*
, Rebecca Rivera‡, Cynthia R. Smith*, Jeremiah T. Saliki§, Shannon Caseltine§1, Judy St. Leger¶, Pam Yochem‡, Randall S. Wells#, and Hendrik Nollens‡**
, Rebecca Rivera‡, Cynthia R. Smith*, Jeremiah T. Saliki§, Shannon Caseltine§1, Judy St. Leger¶, Pam Yochem‡, Randall S. Wells#, and Hendrik Nollens‡**Table 3
Clinical signs noted in selected bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) within 60 d before and 30 d after PIV antibody seroconversion and an abnormal hemogram (n = 22)*†
| Animal | Clinical signs | Decreased appetite | Lethargy | Respiratory signs | Ocular signs | Epidermal signs | GI signs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | |||||||
| B | X | X | X | ||||
| C | |||||||
| D | X | X | |||||
| E | X | X | X | X | |||
| F | X | X | |||||
| G | X | X | X | ||||
| H | X | X | X | X | X | ||
| I | X | X | X | X | |||
| J | X | X | X | X | |||
| K | X | X | X | X | |||
| L | |||||||
| M | |||||||
| N | X | X | X | X | |||
| O | |||||||
| P | X | X | X | ||||
| Q | X | ||||||
| R | X | X | |||||
| S | X | X | X | X | |||
| T | X | X | X | ||||
| U | X | X | X | X | |||
| V |
X |
X |
X |
||||
| Total | 17 (77.3%) | 12 (54.5%) | 10 (45.5%) | 7 (31.8%) | 5 (22.7%) | 2 (9.1%) | 2 (9.1%) |
*PIV, parainfluenza virus; GI, gastrointestinal.
†No viruses were cultured from clinical samples collected from these animals, with the exception of the positive control dolphin, and 2 dolphins had culture-confirmed bacterial pneumonia concurrent with PIV seroconversion.
