Volume 15, Number 8—August 2009
Research
Bordetella pertussis Strains with Increased Toxin Production Associated with Pertussis Resurgence
Frits R. Mooi
, Inge H.M. van Loo, Marjolein van Gent, Qiushui He, Marieke J. Bart, Kees J. Heuvelman, Sabine C. de Greeff, Dimitri Diavatopoulos, Peter Teunis, Nico Nagelkerke, and Jussi Mertsola
, Inge H.M. van Loo, Marjolein van Gent, Qiushui He, Marieke J. Bart, Kees J. Heuvelman, Sabine C. de Greeff, Dimitri Diavatopoulos, Peter Teunis, Nico Nagelkerke, and Jussi MertsolaTable 2
Worldwide frequencies of ptxP1 and ptxP3 during 1935–1990 and 1991–2004*
| Region† | 1935–1990 |
1991–2004 |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ptxP1 | ptxP3 | Other‡ | N | ptxP1 | ptxP3 | Other‡ | N | ||
| The Netherlands | 89 | 3 | 8 | 265 | 47 | 53 | 0 | 614 | |
| Africa | 100 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 7 | |
| Asia | 100 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 83 | 13 | 3 | 30 | |
| Europe§ | 73 | 0 | 27 | 22 | 46 | 53 | 0 | 577 | |
| North America | 50 | 13 | 38 | 8 | 20 | 80 | 0 | 10 | |
| South America |
– |
– |
– |
0 |
10 |
80 |
10 |
10 |
|
| Total | 88 | 3 | 9 | 318 | 47 | 52 | 1 | 1,248 | |
*ptxP, pertussis toxin promoter. Allele frequencies are given in percentages.
†The following countries represented the continents: Africa: Senegal; Asia: Japan and Australia; Europe: Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden; North America: USA; South America: Argentina.
‡Nine ptxP alleles were found in low frequencies: ptxP2, ptxP4, ptxP5, ptxP6, ptxP7, ptxP8, ptxP9, ptxP10, and ptxP11.
§Dutch strains were excluded.
