Emerging Infectious Disease ISSN: 1080-6059

Historical Distribution and Molecular Diversity of Bacillus anthracis, Kazakhstan

Alim M. Aikembayev¹, Larissa Lukhnova, Gulnara Temiraliyeva, Tatyana Meka-Mechenko, Yerlan Pazylov, Sarkis Zakaryan, Georgiy Denissov, W. Ryan Easterday, Matthew N. Van Ert², Paul Keim, Stephen C. Francesconi, Jason K. Blackburn³, Martin Hugh-Jones

, and Ted Hadfield

Author affiliations: Kazakhstan Scientific Center for Quarantine and Zoonotic Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan (A.M. Aikembayev, L. Lukhnova, G. Temiraliyeva, T. Meka-Mechenko, Y. Pazylov, S. Zakaryan, G. Denissov); Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA (W.R. Easterday, P. Keim); Midwest Research Institute, Palm Bay, Florida, USA (M.N. Van Ert, T. Hadfield); The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA (P. Keim); Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (S.C. Francesconi); California State University, Fullerton, California, USA (J.K. Blackburn); Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA (M. Hugh-Jones);

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Figure 2

Kernel density estimates of anthrax outbreaks in cattle (A) and sheep (B), Kazakhstan, 1937–2005. Color shading represents SD values relative to density values from the kernel density estimate analysis for each species.

Figure 2. Kernel density estimates of anthrax outbreaks in cattle (A) and sheep (B), Kazakhstan, 1937–2005. Color shading represents SD values relative to density values from the kernel density estimate analysis for each species.

Main Article

¹Current affiliation: Republican Sanitary Epidemiologic Station, Almaty, Kasakhstan.

²Current affiliation: VEN Consulting, LLC, Melbourne, Florida, USA.

³Current affiliation: University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

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