Emerging Infectious Disease ISSN: 1080-6059

Historical Distribution and Molecular Diversity of Bacillus anthracis, Kazakhstan

Alim M. Aikembayev¹, Larissa Lukhnova, Gulnara Temiraliyeva, Tatyana Meka-Mechenko, Yerlan Pazylov, Sarkis Zakaryan, Georgiy Denissov, W. Ryan Easterday, Matthew N. Van Ert², Paul Keim, Stephen C. Francesconi, Jason K. Blackburn³, Martin Hugh-Jones

, and Ted Hadfield

Author affiliations: Kazakhstan Scientific Center for Quarantine and Zoonotic Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan (A.M. Aikembayev, L. Lukhnova, G. Temiraliyeva, T. Meka-Mechenko, Y. Pazylov, S. Zakaryan, G. Denissov); Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA (W.R. Easterday, P. Keim); Midwest Research Institute, Palm Bay, Florida, USA (M.N. Van Ert, T. Hadfield); The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA (P. Keim); Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (S.C. Francesconi); California State University, Fullerton, California, USA (J.K. Blackburn); Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA (M. Hugh-Jones);

Main Article

Figure 3

Geographic distribution of genotypes of Bacillus anthracis strains in Kazakhstan (A), with a closer view of outbreaks within eastern and southern Kazakhstan (B). Different genotypes are represented by different shapes and color coding reflecting major genetic affiliations (C). * and † indicate novel subgroups. Scale bar indicates genetic difference.

Figure 3. Geographic distribution of genotypes of Bacillus anthracis strains in Kazakhstan (A), with a closer view of outbreaks within eastern and southern Kazakhstan (B). Different genotypes are represented by different shapes and color coding reflecting major genetic affiliations (C). * and † indicate novel subgroups. Scale bar indicates genetic difference.

Main Article

¹Current affiliation: Republican Sanitary Epidemiologic Station, Almaty, Kasakhstan.

²Current affiliation: VEN Consulting, LLC, Melbourne, Florida, USA.

³Current affiliation: University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

Top of Page

The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.