Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 18, Number 5—May 2012
Letter

Clonal Spread of Geomyces destructans among Bats, Midwestern and Southern United States

Ping Ren, Katie H. Haman, Lisa A. Last, Sunanda S. Rajkumar, M. Kevin Keel, and Vishnu ChaturvediComments to Author 
Author affiliations: New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA (P. Ren, S.S. Rajkumar, V. Chaturvedi); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA (K.H. Haman, L.A. Last, M.K. Keel); University at Albany School of Public Health, Albany (V. Chaturvedi)

Main Article

Figure

A) Consensus maximum-parsimony tree of 8 concatenated gene fragments of Geomyces destructans. Data were derived from 13 G. destructans test isolates. G. destructans M1379 and G. pannorum M1378 were used as controls in this study; they were described in an earlier report (3). The number 515 on the branch indicates the total number of variable nucleotide positions (of 4,722 nt) separating G. pannorum M1372 from the clonal genotype of G. destructans. Isolation dates are shown in parentheses (YYYY M

Figure. . . A) Consensus maximum-parsimony tree of 8 concatenated gene fragments of Geomyces destructans. Data were derived from 13 G. destructans test isolates. G. destructans M1379 and G. pannorum M1378 were used as controls in this study; they were described in an earlier report (3). The number 515 on the branch indicates the total number of variable nucleotide positions (of 4,722 nt) separating G. pannorum M1372 from the clonal genotype of G. destructans. Isolation dates are shown in parentheses (YYYY MMM DD). Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site. B) States color-matched to panel A to show where G. destructans isolates were found; dots indicate locations of positive test results.

Main Article

References
  1. Blehert  DS, Hicks  AC, Behr  M, Meteyer  CU, Berlowski-Zier  BM, Buckles  EL, Bat white-nose syndrome: an emerging fungal pathogen? Science. 2009;323:227. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Chaturvedi  V, Springer  DJ, Behr  MJ, Ramani  R, Li  X, Peck  MK, Morphological and molecular characterizations of psychrophilic fungus Geomyces destructans from New York bats with white nose syndrome (WNS). PLoS ONE. 2010;5:e10783. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Rajkumar  SS, Li  X, Rudd  RJ, Okoniewski  JC, Xu  J, Chaturvedi  S, Clonal genotype of Geomyces destructans among bats with white nose syndrome, New York, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17:1273–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Frick  WF, Pollock  JF, Hicks  AC, Langwig  KE, Reynolds  DS, Turner  GG, An emerging disease causes regional population collapse of a common North American bat species. Science. 2010;329:679–82. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Rachowicz  LJ, Hero  J-M, Alford  RA, Taylor  JW, Morgan  JAT, Vredenburg  VT, The novel and endemic pathogen hypotheses: competing explanations for the origin of emerging infectious diseases of wildlife. Conserv Biol. 2005;19:1441–8. DOIGoogle Scholar
  6. Puechmaille  SJ, Wibbelt  G, Korn  V, Fuller  H, Forget  F, Muhldorfer  K, Pan-European distribution of white-nose syndrome fungus (Geomyces destructans) not associated with mass mortality. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e19167. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Archie  EA, Luikart  G, Ezenwa  VO. Infecting epidemiology with genetics: a new frontier in disease ecology. Trends Ecol Evol. 2009;24:21–30. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Harvell  CD, Mitchell  CE, Ward  JR, Altizer  S, Dobson  AP, Ostfeld  RS, Climate warming and disease risks for terrestrial and marine biota. Science. 2002;296:2158–62. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Lebarbenchon  C, Brown  SP, Poulin  R, Gauthier-Clerc  M, Thomas  F. Evolution of pathogens in a man-made world. Mol Ecol. 2008;17:475–84. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Lorch  JM, Meteyer  CU, Behr  MJ, Boyles  JG, Cryan  PM, Hicks  AC, Experimental infection of bats with Geomyces destructans causes white-nose syndrome. Nature. 2011;480:376–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

Page created: April 10, 2012
Page updated: April 10, 2012
Page reviewed: April 10, 2012
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external