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Volume 19, Number 7—July 2013
Letter

Verona Integron–encoded Metallo-β-Lactamase 1 in Enterobacteria, Ontario, Canada

Nathalie Tijet, Gregory Macmullin, Olga Lastovetska, Christie Vermeiren, Patricia Wenzel, Tina Stacey-Works, Donald E. Low, Samir N. Patel, and Roberto G. MelanoComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Public Health Ontario Laboratories–Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (N. Tijet, G. Macmullin, O. Latovetska, D.E. Low, S.N. Patel, R.G. Melano); University of Toronto, Toronto (O. Lastovetska, D.E. Low, S.N. Patel, R.G. Melano); Shared Hospital Laboratory, Toronto (C. Vermeiren); Halton Healthcare Services, Oakville, Ontario, Canada (P. Wenzel, T. Stacey-Works); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (D.E. Low, R.G. Melano)

Main Article

Table

VIM-1–producing Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates, derivative transconjugants, and transformants, Ontario, Canada*

Characteristic E. coli GN531 E. cloacae GN719 E. cloacae GN738 E. cloacae GN825 E. coli J-531 E. coli T-719 E. coli T-825 E. coli Top10 E. coli J53
Drug, MIC (mg/L)†
Ampicillin ≥256 ≥256 ≥256 ≥256 ≥256 ≥256 ≥256 3 6
Cefoxitin ≥256 ≥256 ≥256 ≥256 64 ≥256 ≥256 6 8
Ceftazidime ≥256 ≥256 ≥256 ≥256 ≥256 ≥256 ≥256 0.19 0.19
Cefotaxime ≥256 ≥256 ≥256 ≥256 96 128 ≥256 0.094 0.094
Cefepime 256 32 192 256 12 12 24 <0.016 0.064
Ertapenem 2 2 8 24 0.125 0.25 0.25 0.004 0.008
Meropenem 1.5 6 6 16 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.023 0.023
Imipenem 4 6 6 8 2 2 1.5 0.19 0.38
Aztreonam ≥256 0.19 4 1.5 192 0.125 0.125 0.125 0.125
Amikacin 8 2 3 2 3 1.5 1.5 2 1.5
Gentamicin 96 12 2 96 4 0.75 2 0.064 1.5
Tobramycin 32 48 6 32 12 4 4 0.25 1
Nalidixic acid ≥256 ≥256 ≥256 ≥256 32 2 1 1 3
Ciprofloxacin ≥32 ≥32 ≥32 ≥32 0.5 0.125 <0.002 <0.002 0.012
Levofloxacin ≥8 ≥32 ≥32 8 0.5 0.094 0.002 0.003 0.016
Tetracycline ≤4 192 2 256 0.5 32 32 0.75 1
Tigecycline 0.094 1 0.5 1 0.047 0.064 0.094 0.032 0.047
Colistin 0.064 0.094 0.094 0.125 0.047 0.023 0.016 0.016 0.047
Co-trimoxazole ≥32 ≥32 ≥32 ≥32 ≥32 ≥32 0.047 0.023 0.064
Drug resistance gene‡
blaVIM-1 + + + + + + + NA NA
blaCTX-M-15 + – – – – – – NA NA
blaTEM-1 – + – + – – – NA NA
blaACC-1 – – + + – – – NA NA
blaOXA-1 like + – – – – – – NA NA
blaSHV-12 + – – – + – – NA NA
qnrS1 + + + – + + – NA NA
Replicon type§
IncN + + + + + + – NA NA
IncFrep + + – + – – – NA NA
IncFIB + – – + – – – NA NA
IncFIA + – – – – – – NA NA

*VIM-1, Verona integron–encoded metallo-β-lactamase 1; E. coli J-531, E. coli transconjugant derived from GN531; E. coli T-719 and T-825, E. coli transformants derived from GN719 and GN825, respectively; E. coli J53 and TOP10, recipient E. coli J53 and TOP10, respectively; bla, β-lactamase; +, positive; NA, not applicable (only genes and replicons detected by molecular screening are included); –, negative; qnr, quinolone resistance; Inc, incompatibility.
†Drug susceptibility results were determined by using Etest (bioMérieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France) and the agar dilution method and interpreted by using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (3).
‡Sequencing of whole genes was performed in samples positive by PCR. PCR included screening for blaTEM; blaSHV; blaOXA-1-like; blaCTX-M groups 1, 2, and 9; blaVEB; blaPER; blaGES; blaOXA-48-like; blaIMP; blaKPC; blaNDM-1; and 6 groups of blaAmpC genes (4).
§Obtained by using the replicon typing approach of Carattoli et al. (5).

Main Article

References
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