Volume 21, Number 7—July 2015
Dispatch
Ebola Virus Stability on Surfaces and in Fluids in Simulated Outbreak Environments
Table 1
Condition | Temperature, °C | Relative humidity, % | Model† | r2 | Virus log reduction time, d‡ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stainless steel | 27 | 80 | Y = −2.240X + 6.729 | 0.9798 | 0.45 |
Stainless steel | 21 | 40 | Y = −0.7829X + 6.564 | 0.8544 | 1.3 |
Plastic | 27 | 80 | Y = −2.205X + 7.008 | 0.9745 | 0.45 |
Plastic | 21 | 40 | Y = −0.5445X + 6.188 | 0.8303 | 1.8 |
Tyvek | 27 | 80 | Y = −1.599X + 6.939 | 0.9713 | 0.63 |
Tyvek | 21 | 40 | Y = −0.4631X + 6.709 | 0.8878 | 2.2 |
Drying human blood | 27 | 80 | Y = −0.6806X + 4.951 | 0.8724 | 1.5 |
Drying human blood | 21 | 40 | Y = −0.6917X + 4.828 | 0.9037 | 1.5 |
Liquid human blood | 27 | NA | Y = −0.1148X + 4.651 | 0.2892 | 8.7 |
Liquid human blood | 21 | NA | Y = −0.05000X + 4.231 | 0.05293 | 20 |
Water | 27 | NA | Y = −1.133X + 4.483 | 0.9607 | 0.88 |
Water | 21 | NA | Y = −0.5694X + 4.201 | 0.9139 | 1.8 |
*NA, not applicable.
†Y, log10 50% tissue culture infectious dose/mL; X, days.
‡In hospital conditions, virus titer on steel was reduced significantly faster than on plastic (p = 0.004) and on Tyvek (p<0.0001), but there was no significant difference in reduction between Tyvek and plastic (p = 0.13). In tropical conditions, there was no significant difference in virus titer reduction on steel and on plastic (p = 0.78). However, virus decayed more slowly on Tyvek than on steel (p<0.0001) and on plastic (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in reduction rate in virus titer in drying human blood in hospital or tropical conditions (p = 0.92). Stability of virus in liquid blood did not fit a linear regression model. Virus was reduced significantly faster at 27°C than in water at 21°C (p = 0.0001).
1These authors contributed equally to this article.