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Issue Cover for Volume 20, Number 5—May 2014

Volume 20, Number 5—May 2014

[PDF - 10.66 MB - 191 pages]

Perspective

Bat Flight and Zoonotic Viruses [PDF - 326 KB - 5 pages]
T. J. O’Shea et al.

Bats are sources of high viral diversity and high-profile zoonotic viruses worldwide. Although apparently not pathogenic in their reservoir hosts, some viruses from bats severely affect other mammals, including humans. Examples include severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses, Ebola and Marburg viruses, and Nipah and Hendra viruses. Factors underlying high viral diversity in bats are the subject of speculation. We hypothesize that flight, a factor common to all bats but to no other mammals, provides an intensive selective force for coexistence with viral parasites through a daily cycle that elevates metabolism and body temperature analogous to the febrile response in other mammals. On an evolutionary scale, this host–virus interaction might have resulted in the large diversity of zoonotic viruses in bats, possibly through bat viruses adapting to be more tolerant of the fever response and less virulent to their natural hosts.

EID O’Shea TJ, Cryan PM, Cunningham AA, Fooks AR, Hayman D, Luis AD, et al. Bat Flight and Zoonotic Viruses. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):741-745. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130539
AMA O’Shea TJ, Cryan PM, Cunningham AA, et al. Bat Flight and Zoonotic Viruses. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):741-745. doi:10.3201/eid2005.130539.
APA O’Shea, T. J., Cryan, P. M., Cunningham, A. A., Fooks, A. R., Hayman, D., Luis, A. D....Wood, J. (2014). Bat Flight and Zoonotic Viruses. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 741-745. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130539.
Synopses

Medscape CME Activity
Outbreaks of Kingella kingae Infections in Daycare Facilities [PDF - 501 KB - 8 pages]
P. Yagupsky

During the past decade, transmission of the bacterium Kingella kingae has caused clusters of serious infections, including osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, bacteremia, endocarditis, and meningitis, among children in daycare centers in the United States, France, and Israel. These events have been characterized by high attack rates of disease and prevalence of the invasive strain among asymptomatic classmates of the respective index patients, suggesting that the causative organisms benefitted from enhanced colonization fitness, high transmissibility, and high virulence. After prophylactic antibacterial drugs were administered to close contacts of infected children, no further cases of disease were detected in the facilities, although test results showed that some children still carried the bacterium. Increased awareness of this public health problem and use of improved culture methods and sensitive nucleic acid amplification assays for detecting infected children and respiratory carriers are needed to identify and adequately investigate outbreaks of K. kingae disease.

EID Yagupsky P. Outbreaks of Kingella kingae Infections in Daycare Facilities. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):746-753. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131633
AMA Yagupsky P. Outbreaks of Kingella kingae Infections in Daycare Facilities. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):746-753. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131633.
APA Yagupsky, P. (2014). Outbreaks of Kingella kingae Infections in Daycare Facilities. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 746-753. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131633.
Research

Molecular Investigation of Tularemia Outbreaks, Spain, 1997–2008 [PDF - 646 KB - 8 pages]
J. Ariza-Miguel et al.

Tularemia outbreaks occurred in northwestern Spain in 1997–1998 and 2007–2008 and affected >1,000 persons. We assessed isolates involved in these outbreaks by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with 2 restriction enzymes and multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis of 16 genomic loci of Francisella tularensis, the cause of this disease. Isolates were divided into 3 pulsotypes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and 8 allelic profiles by multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis. Isolates obtained from the second tularemia outbreak had the same genotypes as isolates obtained from the first outbreak. Both outbreaks were caused by genotypes of genetic subclade B.Br:FTNF002–00, which is widely distributed in countries in central and western Europe. Thus, reemergence of tularemia in Spain was not caused by the reintroduction of exotic strains, but probably by persistence of local reservoirs of infection.

EID Ariza-Miguel J, Johansson A, Fernández-Natal M, Martínez-Nistal C, Orduña A, Rodríguez-Ferri EF, et al. Molecular Investigation of Tularemia Outbreaks, Spain, 1997–2008. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):754-761. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130654
AMA Ariza-Miguel J, Johansson A, Fernández-Natal M, et al. Molecular Investigation of Tularemia Outbreaks, Spain, 1997–2008. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):754-761. doi:10.3201/eid2005.130654.
APA Ariza-Miguel, J., Johansson, A., Fernández-Natal, M., Martínez-Nistal, C., Orduña, A., Rodríguez-Ferri, E. F....Rodríguez-Lázaro, D. (2014). Molecular Investigation of Tularemia Outbreaks, Spain, 1997–2008. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 754-761. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130654.

Bovine Leukemia Virus DNA in Human Breast Tissue [PDF - 626 KB - 11 pages]
G. Buehring et al.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), a deltaretrovirus, causes B-cell leukemia/lymphoma in cattle and is prevalent in herds globally. A previous finding of antibodies against BLV in humans led us to examine the possibility of human infection with BLV. We focused on breast tissue because, in cattle, BLV DNA and protein have been found to be more abundant in mammary epithelium than in lymphocytes. In human breast tissue specimens, we identified BLV DNA by using nested liquid-phase PCR and DNA sequencing. Variations from the bovine reference sequence were infrequent and limited to base substitutions. In situ PCR and immunohistochemical testing localized BLV to the secretory epithelium of the breast. Our finding of BLV in human tissues indicates a risk for the acquisition and proliferation of this virus in humans. Further research is needed to determine whether BLV may play a direct role in human disease.

EID Buehring G, Shen H, Jensen HM, Choi K, Sun D, Nuovo G. Bovine Leukemia Virus DNA in Human Breast Tissue. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):772-782. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131298
AMA Buehring G, Shen H, Jensen HM, et al. Bovine Leukemia Virus DNA in Human Breast Tissue. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):772-782. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131298.
APA Buehring, G., Shen, H., Jensen, H. M., Choi, K., Sun, D., & Nuovo, G. (2014). Bovine Leukemia Virus DNA in Human Breast Tissue. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 772-782. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131298.

Trends in Infectious Disease Mortality Rates, Spain, 1980–2011 [PDF - 484 KB - 7 pages]
T. López-Cuadrado et al.

Using mortality data from National Institute of Statistics in Spain, we analyzed trends of infectious disease mortality rates in Spain during 1980–2011 to provide information on surveillance and control of infectious diseases. During the study period, 628,673 infectious disease–related deaths occurred, the annual change in the mortality rate was −1.6%, and the average infectious disease mortality rate was 48.5 deaths/100,000 population. Although the beginning of HIV/AIDS epidemic led to an increased mortality rate, a decreased rate was observed by the end of the twentieth century. By codes from the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, the most frequent underlying cause of death was pneumonia. Emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases continue to be public health problems despite reduced mortality rates produced by various interventions. Therefore, surveillance and control systems should be reinforced with a goal of providing reliable data for useful decision making.

EID López-Cuadrado T, Llácer A, Palmera-Suárez R, Gómez-Barroso D, Savulescu C, González-Yuste P, et al. Trends in Infectious Disease Mortality Rates, Spain, 1980–2011. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):782-789. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131528
AMA López-Cuadrado T, Llácer A, Palmera-Suárez R, et al. Trends in Infectious Disease Mortality Rates, Spain, 1980–2011. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):782-789. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131528.
APA López-Cuadrado, T., Llácer, A., Palmera-Suárez, R., Gómez-Barroso, D., Savulescu, C., González-Yuste, P....Fernández-Cuenca, R. (2014). Trends in Infectious Disease Mortality Rates, Spain, 1980–2011. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 782-789. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131528.

Carriage Rate and Effects of Vaccination after Outbreaks of Serogroup C Meningococcal Disease, Brazil, 2010 [PDF - 395 KB - 6 pages]
M. Sáfadi et al.

During 2010, outbreaks of serogroup C meningococcal (MenC) disease occurred in 2 oil refineries in São Paulo State, Brazil, leading to mass vaccination of employees at 1 refinery with a meningococcal polysaccharide A/C vaccine. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of meningococci carriage among workers at both refineries and to investigate the effect of vaccination on and the risk factors for pharyngeal carriage of meningococci. Among the vaccinated and nonvaccinated workers, rates of overall meningococci carriage (21.4% and 21.6%, respectively) and of MenC carriage (6.3% and 4.9%, respectively) were similar. However, a MenC strain belonging to the sequence type103 complex predominated and was responsible for the increased incidence of meningococcal disease in Brazil. A low education level was associated with higher risk of meningococci carriage. Polysaccharide vaccination did not affect carriage or interrupt transmission of the epidemic strain. These findings will help inform future vaccination strategies.

EID Sáfadi M, Carvalhanas T, Paula de Lemos A, Gorla M, Salgado M, Fukasawa LO, et al. Carriage Rate and Effects of Vaccination after Outbreaks of Serogroup C Meningococcal Disease, Brazil, 2010. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):806-811. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130948
AMA Sáfadi M, Carvalhanas T, Paula de Lemos A, et al. Carriage Rate and Effects of Vaccination after Outbreaks of Serogroup C Meningococcal Disease, Brazil, 2010. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):806-811. doi:10.3201/eid2005.130948.
APA Sáfadi, M., Carvalhanas, T., Paula de Lemos, A., Gorla, M., Salgado, M., Fukasawa, L. O....Cassio de Moraes, J. (2014). Carriage Rate and Effects of Vaccination after Outbreaks of Serogroup C Meningococcal Disease, Brazil, 2010. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 806-811. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130948.

Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Oropharyngeal Cancer before Vaccine Introduction, United States [PDF - 958 KB - 7 pages]
M. Steinau et al.

We conducted a study to determine prevalence of HPV types in oropharyngeal cancers in the United States and establish a prevaccine baseline for monitoring the impact of vaccination. HPV DNA was extracted from tumor tissue samples from patients in whom cancer was diagnosed during 1995–2005. The samples were obtained from cancer registries and Residual Tissue Repository Program sites in the United States. HPV was detected and typed by using PCR reverse line blot assays. Among 557 invasive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, 72% were positive for HPV and 62% for vaccine types HPV16 or 18. Prevalence of HPV-16/18 was lower in women (53%) than in men (66%), and lower in non-Hispanic Black patients (31%) than in other racial/ethnic groups (68%–80%). Results indicate that vaccines could prevent most oropharyngeal cancers in the United States, but their effect may vary by demographic variables.

EID Steinau M, Saraiya M, Goodman MT, Peters ES, Watson M, Cleveland JL, et al. Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Oropharyngeal Cancer before Vaccine Introduction, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):822-828. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131311
AMA Steinau M, Saraiya M, Goodman MT, et al. Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Oropharyngeal Cancer before Vaccine Introduction, United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):822-828. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131311.
APA Steinau, M., Saraiya, M., Goodman, M. T., Peters, E. S., Watson, M., Cleveland, J. L....Unger, E. R. (2014). Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Oropharyngeal Cancer before Vaccine Introduction, United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 822-828. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131311.

Treatment Practices, Outcomes, and Costs of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, United States, 2005–2007 [PDF - 590 KB - 10 pages]
S. M. Marks et al.

To describe factors associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR), including extensively-drug-resistant (XDR), tuberculosis (TB) in the United States, we abstracted inpatient, laboratory, and public health clinic records of a sample of MDR TB patients reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from California, New York City, and Texas during 2005–2007. At initial diagnosis, MDR TB was detected in 94% of 130 MDR TB patients and XDR TB in 80% of 5 XDR TB patients. Mutually exclusive resistance was 4% XDR, 17% pre-XDR, 24% total first-line resistance, 43% isoniazid/rifampin/rifabutin-plus-other resistance, and 13% isoniazid/rifampin/rifabutin-only resistance. Nearly three-quarters of patients were hospitalized, 78% completed treatment, and 9% died during treatment. Direct costs, mostly covered by the public sector, averaged $134,000 per MDR TB and $430,000 per XDR TB patient; in comparison, estimated cost per non-MDR TB patient is $17,000. Drug resistance was extensive, care was complex, treatment completion rates were high, and treatment was expensive.

EID Marks SM, Flood J, Seaworth B, Hirsch-Moverman Y, Armstrong L, Mase S, et al. Treatment Practices, Outcomes, and Costs of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, United States, 2005–2007. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):812-821. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131037
AMA Marks SM, Flood J, Seaworth B, et al. Treatment Practices, Outcomes, and Costs of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, United States, 2005–2007. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):812-821. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131037.
APA Marks, S. M., Flood, J., Seaworth, B., Hirsch-Moverman, Y., Armstrong, L., Mase, S....Sheeran, K. (2014). Treatment Practices, Outcomes, and Costs of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, United States, 2005–2007. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 812-821. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131037.

Molecular Characterization of Cryptically Circulating Rabies Virus from Ferret Badgers, Taiwan [PDF - 678 KB - 9 pages]
H. Chiou et al.

After the last reported cases of rabies in a human in 1959 and a nonhuman animal in 1961, Taiwan was considered free from rabies. However, during 2012–2013, an outbreak occurred among ferret badgers in Taiwan. To examine the origin of this virus strain, we sequenced 3 complete genomes and acquired multiple rabies virus (RABV) nucleoprotein and glycoprotein sequences. Phylogeographic analyses demonstrated that the RABV affecting the Taiwan ferret badgers (RABV-TWFB) is a distinct lineage within the group of lineages from Asia and that it has been differentiated from its closest lineages, China I (including isolates from Chinese ferret badgers) and the Philippines, 158–210 years ago. The most recent common ancestor of RABV-TWFB originated 91–113 years ago. Our findings indicate that RABV could be cryptically circulating in the environment. An understanding of the underlying mechanism might shed light on the complex interaction between RABV and its host.

EID Chiou H, Hsieh C, Jeng C, Chan F, Wang H, Pang V. Molecular Characterization of Cryptically Circulating Rabies Virus from Ferret Badgers, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):790-798. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131389
AMA Chiou H, Hsieh C, Jeng C, et al. Molecular Characterization of Cryptically Circulating Rabies Virus from Ferret Badgers, Taiwan. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):790-798. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131389.
APA Chiou, H., Hsieh, C., Jeng, C., Chan, F., Wang, H., & Pang, V. (2014). Molecular Characterization of Cryptically Circulating Rabies Virus from Ferret Badgers, Taiwan. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 790-798. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131389.

Streptococcus mitis Strains Causing Severe Clinical Disease in Cancer Patients [PDF - 962 KB - 10 pages]
S. A. Shelburne et al.

The genetically diverse viridans group streptococci (VGS) are increasingly recognized as the cause of a variety of human diseases. We used a recently developed multilocus sequence analysis scheme to define the species of 118 unique VGS strains causing bacteremia in patients with cancer; Streptococcus mitis (68 patients) and S. oralis (22 patients) were the most frequently identified strains. Compared with patients infected with non–S. mitis strains, patients infected with S. mitis strains were more likely to have moderate or severe clinical disease (e.g., VGS shock syndrome). Combined with the sequence data, whole-genome analyses showed that S. mitis strains may more precisely be considered as >2 species. Furthermore, we found that multiple S. mitis strains induced disease in neutropenic mice in a dose-dependent fashion. Our data define the prominent clinical effect of the group of organisms currently classified as S. mitis and lay the groundwork for increased understanding of this understudied pathogen.

EID Shelburne SA, Sahasrabhojane P, Saldana M, Yao H, Su X, Horstmann N, et al. Streptococcus mitis Strains Causing Severe Clinical Disease in Cancer Patients. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):762-771. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130953
AMA Shelburne SA, Sahasrabhojane P, Saldana M, et al. Streptococcus mitis Strains Causing Severe Clinical Disease in Cancer Patients. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):762-771. doi:10.3201/eid2005.130953.
APA Shelburne, S. A., Sahasrabhojane, P., Saldana, M., Yao, H., Su, X., Horstmann, N....Flores, A. R. (2014). Streptococcus mitis Strains Causing Severe Clinical Disease in Cancer Patients. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 762-771. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130953.

Persistence and Complex Evolution of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Clone [PDF - 468 KB - 7 pages]
D. Ben-David et al.

Prolonged outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in health care facilities are uncommon. We found persistent transmission of a fluroquinolone-resistant S. pneumoniae clone during 2006–2011 in a post–acute care facility in Israel, despite mandatory vaccination and fluoroquinolone restriction. Capsular switch and multiple antimicrobial nonsusceptibility mutations occurred within this single clone. The persistent transmission of fluoroquinolone-resistant S. pneumoniae during a 5-year period underscores the importance of long-term care facilities as potential reservoirs of multidrug-resistant streptococci.

EID Ben-David D, Schwaber MJ, Adler A, Masarwa S, Edgar R, Navon-Venezia S, et al. Persistence and Complex Evolution of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Clone. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):799-805. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130142
AMA Ben-David D, Schwaber MJ, Adler A, et al. Persistence and Complex Evolution of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Clone. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):799-805. doi:10.3201/eid2005.130142.
APA Ben-David, D., Schwaber, M. J., Adler, A., Masarwa, S., Edgar, R., Navon-Venezia, S....Dagan, R. (2014). Persistence and Complex Evolution of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Clone. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 799-805. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130142.
Dispatches

PCR for Detection of Oseltamivir Resistance Mutation in Influenza A(H7N9) Virus [PDF - 321 KB - 3 pages]
W. Wang et al.

Sensitive molecular techniques are needed for rapid detection of the R292K oseltamivir-resistant mutant of influenza A(H7/N9) virus strain to monitor its transmission and guide antiviral treatment. We developed a real-time reverse transcription PCR and single nucleotide polymorphism probes to differentiate this mutant strain in mixed virus populations in human specimens.

EID Wang W, Song Z, Guan W, Liu Y, Zhang X, Xu L, et al. PCR for Detection of Oseltamivir Resistance Mutation in Influenza A(H7N9) Virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):847-849. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131364
AMA Wang W, Song Z, Guan W, et al. PCR for Detection of Oseltamivir Resistance Mutation in Influenza A(H7N9) Virus. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):847-849. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131364.
APA Wang, W., Song, Z., Guan, W., Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Xu, L....Hu, Y. (2014). PCR for Detection of Oseltamivir Resistance Mutation in Influenza A(H7N9) Virus. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 847-849. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131364.

Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis Group A.I, United States [PDF - 446 KB - 5 pages]
D. N. Birdsell et al.

We used whole-genome analysis and subsequent characterization of geographically diverse strains using new genetic signatures to identify distinct subgroups within Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis group A.I: A.I.3, A.I.8, and A.I.12. These subgroups exhibit complex phylogeographic patterns within North America. The widest distribution was observed for A.I.12, which suggests an adaptive advantage.

EID Birdsell DN, Johansson A, Öhrman C, Kaufman E, Molins C, Pearson T, et al. Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis Group A.I, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):861-865. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131559
AMA Birdsell DN, Johansson A, Öhrman C, et al. Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis Group A.I, United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):861-865. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131559.
APA Birdsell, D. N., Johansson, A., Öhrman, C., Kaufman, E., Molins, C., Pearson, T....Wagner, D. M. (2014). Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis Group A.I, United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 861-865. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131559.

Novel Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus in Tree Sparrow, Shanghai, China, 2013 [PDF - 427 KB - 4 pages]
B. Zhao et al.

In spring 2013, influenza A(H7N9) virus was isolated from an apparently healthy tree sparrow in Chongming Dongping National Forest Park, Shanghai City, China. The entire gene constellation of the virus is similar to that of isolates from humans, highlighting the need to monitor influenza A(H7N9) viruses in different species.

EID Zhao B, Zhang X, Zhu W, Teng Z, Yu X, Gao Y, et al. Novel Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus in Tree Sparrow, Shanghai, China, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):850-853. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131707
AMA Zhao B, Zhang X, Zhu W, et al. Novel Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus in Tree Sparrow, Shanghai, China, 2013. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):850-853. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131707.
APA Zhao, B., Zhang, X., Zhu, W., Teng, Z., Yu, X., Gao, Y....Wu, F. (2014). Novel Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus in Tree Sparrow, Shanghai, China, 2013. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 850-853. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131707.

Full-Genome Analysis of Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus from a Human, North America, 2013 [PDF - 644 KB - 5 pages]
K. Pabbaraju et al.

Full-genome analysis was conducted on the first isolate of a highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus from a human in North America. The virus has a hemagglutinin gene of clade 2.3.2.1c and is a reassortant with an H9N2 subtype lineage polymerase basic 2 gene. No mutations conferring resistance to adamantanes or neuraminidase inhibitors were found.

EID Pabbaraju K, Tellier R, Wong S, Li Y, Bastien N, Tang JW, et al. Full-Genome Analysis of Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus from a Human, North America, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):887-891. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.140164
AMA Pabbaraju K, Tellier R, Wong S, et al. Full-Genome Analysis of Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus from a Human, North America, 2013. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):887-891. doi:10.3201/eid2005.140164.
APA Pabbaraju, K., Tellier, R., Wong, S., Li, Y., Bastien, N., Tang, J. W....Tipples, G. A. (2014). Full-Genome Analysis of Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus from a Human, North America, 2013. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 887-891. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.140164.

Influenza A(H5N2) Virus Antibodies in Humans after Contact with Infected Poultry, Taiwan, 2012 [PDF - 417 KB - 4 pages]
H. Wu et al.

Six persons in Taiwan who had contact with poultry infected with influenza A(H5N2) showed seroconversion for the virus by hemagglutinin inhibition or microneutralization testing. We developed an ELISA based on nonstructural protein 1 of the virus to differentiate natural infection from cross-reactivity after vaccination; 2 persons also showed seroconversion by this test.

EID Wu H, Yang J, Liu M, Yang C, Cheng M, Chang F. Influenza A(H5N2) Virus Antibodies in Humans after Contact with Infected Poultry, Taiwan, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):857-860. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131393
AMA Wu H, Yang J, Liu M, et al. Influenza A(H5N2) Virus Antibodies in Humans after Contact with Infected Poultry, Taiwan, 2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):857-860. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131393.
APA Wu, H., Yang, J., Liu, M., Yang, C., Cheng, M., & Chang, F. (2014). Influenza A(H5N2) Virus Antibodies in Humans after Contact with Infected Poultry, Taiwan, 2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 857-860. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131393.

Responses to Threat of Influenza A(H7N9) and Support for Live Poultry Markets, Hong Kong, 2013 [PDF - 499 KB - 5 pages]
P. Wu et al.

We conducted a population survey in Hong Kong to gauge psychological and behavioral responses to the threat of influenza A(H7N9) and support for closure of live poultry markets. We found low anxiety and low levels of exposure to live poultry but mixed support for permanent closure of the markets.

EID Wu P, Fang VJ, Liao Q, Ng D, Wu JT, Leung GM, et al. Responses to Threat of Influenza A(H7N9) and Support for Live Poultry Markets, Hong Kong, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):882-886. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131859
AMA Wu P, Fang VJ, Liao Q, et al. Responses to Threat of Influenza A(H7N9) and Support for Live Poultry Markets, Hong Kong, 2013. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):882-886. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131859.
APA Wu, P., Fang, V. J., Liao, Q., Ng, D., Wu, J. T., Leung, G. M....Cowling, B. J. (2014). Responses to Threat of Influenza A(H7N9) and Support for Live Poultry Markets, Hong Kong, 2013. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 882-886. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131859.

Role of Transportation in Spread of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection, United States [PDF - 364 KB - 3 pages]
J. Lowe et al.

After porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was detected in the United States in 2013, we tested environmental samples from trailers in which pigs had been transported. PEDV was found in 5.2% of trailers not contaminated at arrival, , suggesting that the transport process is a source of transmission if adequate hygiene measures are not implemented.

EID Lowe J, Gauger P, Harmon K, Zhang J, Connor J, Yeske P, et al. Role of Transportation in Spread of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):872-874. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131628
AMA Lowe J, Gauger P, Harmon K, et al. Role of Transportation in Spread of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection, United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):872-874. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131628.
APA Lowe, J., Gauger, P., Harmon, K., Zhang, J., Connor, J., Yeske, P....Main, R. (2014). Role of Transportation in Spread of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection, United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 872-874. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131628.

Human Infections with Rickettsia raoultii, China [PDF - 359 KB - 3 pages]
N. Jia et al.

We used molecular methods to identify Rickettsia raoultii infections in 2 persons in China. These persons had localized rashes around sites of tick bites. R. raoultii DNA was detected in 4% of Dermacentor silvarum ticks collected in the same area of China and in 1 feeding tick detached from 1 patient.

EID Jia N, Zheng Y, Ma L, Huo Q, Ni X, Jiang B, et al. Human Infections with Rickettsia raoultii, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):866-868. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130995
AMA Jia N, Zheng Y, Ma L, et al. Human Infections with Rickettsia raoultii, China. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):866-868. doi:10.3201/eid2005.130995.
APA Jia, N., Zheng, Y., Ma, L., Huo, Q., Ni, X., Jiang, B....Cao, W. (2014). Human Infections with Rickettsia raoultii, China. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 866-868. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130995.

Factors Associated with Antimicrobial Drug Use in Medicaid Programs [PDF - 337 KB - 4 pages]
P. Li et al.

Using US Medicaid data, we found that 52% of adult Medicaid patients with acute respiratory tract infections filled prescriptions for antimicrobial drugs in 2007. Factors associated with lower likelihood of use were higher county-level availability of primary care physicians and state-level participation in a campaign for appropriate antimicrobial drug use.

EID Li P, Metlay JP, Marcus SC, Doshi JA. Factors Associated with Antimicrobial Drug Use in Medicaid Programs. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):829-832. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130493
AMA Li P, Metlay JP, Marcus SC, et al. Factors Associated with Antimicrobial Drug Use in Medicaid Programs. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):829-832. doi:10.3201/eid2005.130493.
APA Li, P., Metlay, J. P., Marcus, S. C., & Doshi, J. A. (2014). Factors Associated with Antimicrobial Drug Use in Medicaid Programs. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 829-832. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130493.

Chronic Wasting Disease Agents in Nonhuman Primates [PDF - 441 KB - 5 pages]
B. Race et al.

Chronic wasting disease is a prion disease of cervids. Assessment of its zoonotic potential is critical. To evaluate primate susceptibility, we tested monkeys from 2 genera. We found that 100% of intracerebrally inoculated and 92% of orally inoculated squirrel monkeys were susceptible, but cynomolgus macaques were not, suggesting possible low risk for humans.

EID Race B, Meade-White KD, Phillips K, Striebel J, Race R, Chesebro B. Chronic Wasting Disease Agents in Nonhuman Primates. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):833-837. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130778
AMA Race B, Meade-White KD, Phillips K, et al. Chronic Wasting Disease Agents in Nonhuman Primates. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):833-837. doi:10.3201/eid2005.130778.
APA Race, B., Meade-White, K. D., Phillips, K., Striebel, J., Race, R., & Chesebro, B. (2014). Chronic Wasting Disease Agents in Nonhuman Primates. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 833-837. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130778.

Shigella spp. with Reduced Azithromycin Susceptibility, Quebec, Canada, 2012–2013 [PDF - 379 KB - 3 pages]
C. Gaudreau et al.

During 2012–2013 in Montreal, Canada, 4 locally acquired Shigella spp. pulse types with the mph(A) gene and reduced susceptibility to azithromycin were identified from 9 men who have sex with men, 7 of whom were HIV infected. Counseling about prevention of enteric sexually transmitted infections might help slow transmission of these organisms.

EID Gaudreau C, Barkati S, Leduc J, Pilon PA, Favreau J, Bekal S. Shigella spp. with Reduced Azithromycin Susceptibility, Quebec, Canada, 2012–2013. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):854-856. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130966
AMA Gaudreau C, Barkati S, Leduc J, et al. Shigella spp. with Reduced Azithromycin Susceptibility, Quebec, Canada, 2012–2013. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):854-856. doi:10.3201/eid2005.130966.
APA Gaudreau, C., Barkati, S., Leduc, J., Pilon, P. A., Favreau, J., & Bekal, S. (2014). Shigella spp. with Reduced Azithromycin Susceptibility, Quebec, Canada, 2012–2013. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 854-856. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130966.

Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Soldiers, South Korea, April 2011–March 2012 [PDF - 291 KB - 3 pages]
J. Heo et al.

During April 2011–March 2012, we retrospectively reviewed medical records for South Korea soldiers to assess the etiology and epidemiology of acute viral lower respiratory tract infections. Adenovirus was the most commonly identified virus (63.2%) and the most common cause of pneumonia (79.3%) and hospitalization (76.6%); 3 soldiers died of adenovirus-related illness.

EID Heo J, Lee J, Kim H, Choe K. Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Soldiers, South Korea, April 2011–March 2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):875-877. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131692
AMA Heo J, Lee J, Kim H, et al. Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Soldiers, South Korea, April 2011–March 2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):875-877. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131692.
APA Heo, J., Lee, J., Kim, H., & Choe, K. (2014). Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Soldiers, South Korea, April 2011–March 2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 875-877. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131692.

Extensively Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, South Korea, 2011–2012 [PDF - 315 KB - 3 pages]
S. Cho et al.

To better understand extensively drug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, we assessed clinical and microbiological characteristics of 5 extensively drug-resistant pneumococcal isolates. We concluded that long-term care facility residents who had undergone tracheostomy might be reservoirs of these pneumococci; 13- and 23-valent pneumococcal vaccines should be considered for high-risk persons; and antimicrobial drugs should be used judiciously.

EID Cho S, Baek J, Kang C, Kim S, Ha Y, Chung D, et al. Extensively Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, South Korea, 2011–2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):869-871. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131371
AMA Cho S, Baek J, Kang C, et al. Extensively Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, South Korea, 2011–2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):869-871. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131371.
APA Cho, S., Baek, J., Kang, C., Kim, S., Ha, Y., Chung, D....Song, J. (2014). Extensively Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, South Korea, 2011–2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 869-871. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131371.

Influenza A Subtype H3 Viruses in Feral Swine, United States, 2011–2012 [PDF - 486 KB - 4 pages]
Z. Feng et al.

To determine whether, and to what extent, influenza A subtype H3 viruses were present in feral swine in the United States, we conducted serologic and virologic surveillance during October 2011–September 2012. These animals were periodically exposed to and infected with A(H3N2) viruses, suggesting they may threaten human and animal health.

EID Feng Z, Baroch JA, Long L, Xu Y, Cunningham FL, Pedersen K, et al. Influenza A Subtype H3 Viruses in Feral Swine, United States, 2011–2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):843-846. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131578
AMA Feng Z, Baroch JA, Long L, et al. Influenza A Subtype H3 Viruses in Feral Swine, United States, 2011–2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):843-846. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131578.
APA Feng, Z., Baroch, J. A., Long, L., Xu, Y., Cunningham, F. L., Pedersen, K....Wan, X. (2014). Influenza A Subtype H3 Viruses in Feral Swine, United States, 2011–2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 843-846. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131578.

Influenza-associated Hospitalizations and Deaths, Costa Rica, 2009–2012 [PDF - 415 KB - 4 pages]
G. Saborío et al.

Data needed to guide influenza vaccine policies are lacking in tropical countries. We multiplied the number of severe acute respiratory infections by the proportion testing positive for influenza. There were ≈6,699 influenza hospitalizations and 803 deaths in Costa Rica during 2009–2012, supporting continuation of a national influenza vaccine program.

EID Saborío G, Clara A, Garcia A, Quesada F, Palekar R, Minaya P, et al. Influenza-associated Hospitalizations and Deaths, Costa Rica, 2009–2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):878-881. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131775
AMA Saborío G, Clara A, Garcia A, et al. Influenza-associated Hospitalizations and Deaths, Costa Rica, 2009–2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):878-881. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131775.
APA Saborío, G., Clara, A., Garcia, A., Quesada, F., Palekar, R., Minaya, P....Azziz-Baumgartner, E. (2014). Influenza-associated Hospitalizations and Deaths, Costa Rica, 2009–2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 878-881. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131775.

Rickettsia spp. in Seabird Ticks from Western Indian Ocean Islands, 2011–2012 [PDF - 726 KB - 5 pages]
M. Dietrich et al.

We found a diversity of Rickettsia spp. in seabird ticks from 6 tropical islands. The bacteria showed strong host specificity and sequence similarity with strains in other regions. Seabird ticks may be key reservoirs for pathogenic Rickettsia spp., and bird hosts may have a role in dispersing ticks and tick-associated infectious agents over large distances.

EID Dietrich M, Lebarbenchon C, Jaeger A, Le Rouzic C, Bastien M, Lagadec E, et al. Rickettsia spp. in Seabird Ticks from Western Indian Ocean Islands, 2011–2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):838-842. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131088
AMA Dietrich M, Lebarbenchon C, Jaeger A, et al. Rickettsia spp. in Seabird Ticks from Western Indian Ocean Islands, 2011–2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):838-842. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131088.
APA Dietrich, M., Lebarbenchon, C., Jaeger, A., Le Rouzic, C., Bastien, M., Lagadec, E....Tortosa, P. (2014). Rickettsia spp. in Seabird Ticks from Western Indian Ocean Islands, 2011–2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 838-842. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131088.
Photo Quizzes

Photo Quiz [PDF - 704 KB - 3 pages]
C. Fulghieri and S. Bloom
EID Fulghieri C, Bloom S. Photo Quiz. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):893-895. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131876
AMA Fulghieri C, Bloom S. Photo Quiz. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):893-895. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131876.
APA Fulghieri, C., & Bloom, S. (2014). Photo Quiz. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 893-895. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131876.
Letters

Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype Kentucky Sequence Type 198 [PDF - 315 KB - 2 pages]
R. Rickert-Hartman and J. P. Folster
EID Rickert-Hartman R, Folster JP. Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype Kentucky Sequence Type 198. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):910-911. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131575
AMA Rickert-Hartman R, Folster JP. Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype Kentucky Sequence Type 198. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):910-911. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131575.
APA Rickert-Hartman, R., & Folster, J. P. (2014). Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype Kentucky Sequence Type 198. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 910-911. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131575.

Coxsackievirus A16 Encephalitis during Obinutuzumab Therapy, Belgium, 2013 [PDF - 274 KB - 3 pages]
T. Eyckmans et al.
EID Eyckmans T, Wollants E, Janssens A, Schoemans H, Lagrou K, Wauters J, et al. Coxsackievirus A16 Encephalitis during Obinutuzumab Therapy, Belgium, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):913-915. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131766
AMA Eyckmans T, Wollants E, Janssens A, et al. Coxsackievirus A16 Encephalitis during Obinutuzumab Therapy, Belgium, 2013. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):913-915. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131766.
APA Eyckmans, T., Wollants, E., Janssens, A., Schoemans, H., Lagrou, K., Wauters, J....Maertens, J. (2014). Coxsackievirus A16 Encephalitis during Obinutuzumab Therapy, Belgium, 2013. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 913-915. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131766.

Babesia venatorum Infection in Child, China [PDF - 300 KB - 2 pages]
Y. Sun et al.
EID Sun Y, Li S, Jiang J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang H, et al. Babesia venatorum Infection in Child, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):896-897. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.121034
AMA Sun Y, Li S, Jiang J, et al. Babesia venatorum Infection in Child, China. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):896-897. doi:10.3201/eid2005.121034.
APA Sun, Y., Li, S., Jiang, J., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, H....Cao, W. (2014). Babesia venatorum Infection in Child, China. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 896-897. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.121034.

Myasthenia Gravis Associated with Acute Hepatitis E Infection in Immunocompetent Woman [PDF - 306 KB - 3 pages]
A. Belbezier et al.
EID Belbezier A, Deroux A, Sarrot-Reynauld F, Larrat S, Bouillet L. Myasthenia Gravis Associated with Acute Hepatitis E Infection in Immunocompetent Woman. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):908-910. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131551
AMA Belbezier A, Deroux A, Sarrot-Reynauld F, et al. Myasthenia Gravis Associated with Acute Hepatitis E Infection in Immunocompetent Woman. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):908-910. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131551.
APA Belbezier, A., Deroux, A., Sarrot-Reynauld, F., Larrat, S., & Bouillet, L. (2014). Myasthenia Gravis Associated with Acute Hepatitis E Infection in Immunocompetent Woman. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 908-910. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131551.

New Variant of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, United States, 2014 [PDF - 609 KB - 3 pages]
L. Wang et al.
EID Wang L, Byrum B, Zhang Y. New Variant of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, United States, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):917-919. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.140195
AMA Wang L, Byrum B, Zhang Y. New Variant of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, United States, 2014. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):917-919. doi:10.3201/eid2005.140195.
APA Wang, L., Byrum, B., & Zhang, Y. (2014). New Variant of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, United States, 2014. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 917-919. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.140195.

Unique Strain of Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Mali [PDF - 363 KB - 3 pages]
M. Zivcec et al.
EID Zivcec M, Maïga O, Kelly A, Feldmann F, Sogoba N, Schwan TG, et al. Unique Strain of Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Mali. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):911-913. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131641
AMA Zivcec M, Maïga O, Kelly A, et al. Unique Strain of Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Mali. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):911-913. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131641.
APA Zivcec, M., Maïga, O., Kelly, A., Feldmann, F., Sogoba, N., Schwan, T. G....Safronetz, D. (2014). Unique Strain of Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Mali. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 911-913. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131641.

Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, Portugal, 2012 [PDF - 319 KB - 3 pages]
M. Barros et al.
EID Barros M, Branquinho R, Grosso F, Peixe L, Novais C. Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, Portugal, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):903-905. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130783
AMA Barros M, Branquinho R, Grosso F, et al. Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, Portugal, 2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):903-905. doi:10.3201/eid2005.130783.
APA Barros, M., Branquinho, R., Grosso, F., Peixe, L., & Novais, C. (2014). Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, Portugal, 2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 903-905. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130783.

Composite SCCmec Element in Single-locus Variant (ST217) of Epidemic MRSA-15 Clone [PDF - 299 KB - 3 pages]
C. Vignaroli et al.
EID Vignaroli C, Mancini A, Varaldo PE. Composite SCCmec Element in Single-locus Variant (ST217) of Epidemic MRSA-15 Clone. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):905-907. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130934
AMA Vignaroli C, Mancini A, Varaldo PE. Composite SCCmec Element in Single-locus Variant (ST217) of Epidemic MRSA-15 Clone. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):905-907. doi:10.3201/eid2005.130934.
APA Vignaroli, C., Mancini, A., & Varaldo, P. E. (2014). Composite SCCmec Element in Single-locus Variant (ST217) of Epidemic MRSA-15 Clone. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 905-907. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130934.

Bartonella quintana in Body Lice from Scalp Hair of Homeless Persons, France [PDF - 291 KB - 2 pages]
R. Drali et al.
EID Drali R, Sangaré A, Boutellis A, Angelakis E, Veracx A, Socolovschi C, et al. Bartonella quintana in Body Lice from Scalp Hair of Homeless Persons, France. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):907-908. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131242
AMA Drali R, Sangaré A, Boutellis A, et al. Bartonella quintana in Body Lice from Scalp Hair of Homeless Persons, France. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):907-908. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131242.
APA Drali, R., Sangaré, A., Boutellis, A., Angelakis, E., Veracx, A., Socolovschi, C....Raoult, D. (2014). Bartonella quintana in Body Lice from Scalp Hair of Homeless Persons, France. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 907-908. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131242.

Serologic Evidence of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infection in Northern Sea Otters [PDF - 289 KB - 3 pages]
Z. Li et al.
EID Li Z, Ip HS, Trost JF, White C, Murray MJ, Carney PJ, et al. Serologic Evidence of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infection in Northern Sea Otters. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):915-917. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131890
AMA Li Z, Ip HS, Trost JF, et al. Serologic Evidence of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infection in Northern Sea Otters. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):915-917. doi:10.3201/eid2005.131890.
APA Li, Z., Ip, H. S., Trost, J. F., White, C., Murray, M. J., Carney, P. J....Katz, J. M. (2014). Serologic Evidence of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infection in Northern Sea Otters. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 915-917. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.131890.

Staphylococcus aureus Carrying mecC Gene in Animals and Urban Wastewater, Spain [PDF - 313 KB - 3 pages]
M. Porrero et al.
EID Porrero M, Valverde A, Fernández-Llario P, Díez-Guerrier A, Mateos A, Lavín S, et al. Staphylococcus aureus Carrying mecC Gene in Animals and Urban Wastewater, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):899-901. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130426
AMA Porrero M, Valverde A, Fernández-Llario P, et al. Staphylococcus aureus Carrying mecC Gene in Animals and Urban Wastewater, Spain. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):899-901. doi:10.3201/eid2005.130426.
APA Porrero, M., Valverde, A., Fernández-Llario, P., Díez-Guerrier, A., Mateos, A., Lavín, S....Domínguez, L. (2014). Staphylococcus aureus Carrying mecC Gene in Animals and Urban Wastewater, Spain. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 899-901. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130426.

Schmallenberg Virus Antibodies in Adult Cows and Maternal Antibodies in Calves [PDF - 314 KB - 2 pages]
A. Elbers et al.
EID Elbers A, Stockhofe N, van der Poel W. Schmallenberg Virus Antibodies in Adult Cows and Maternal Antibodies in Calves. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):901-902. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130763
AMA Elbers A, Stockhofe N, van der Poel W. Schmallenberg Virus Antibodies in Adult Cows and Maternal Antibodies in Calves. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):901-902. doi:10.3201/eid2005.130763.
APA Elbers, A., Stockhofe, N., & van der Poel, W. (2014). Schmallenberg Virus Antibodies in Adult Cows and Maternal Antibodies in Calves. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 901-902. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130763.

Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Gulls, Alaska, USA [PDF - 302 KB - 3 pages]
J. Bonnedahl et al.
EID Bonnedahl J, Hernandez J, Stedt J, Waldenström J, Olsen B, Drobni M. Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Gulls, Alaska, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):899. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130325
AMA Bonnedahl J, Hernandez J, Stedt J, et al. Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Gulls, Alaska, USA. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):899. doi:10.3201/eid2005.130325.
APA Bonnedahl, J., Hernandez, J., Stedt, J., Waldenström, J., Olsen, B., & Drobni, M. (2014). Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Gulls, Alaska, USA. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 899. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130325.
About the Cover

Courage Unmasked [PDF - 297 KB - 2 pages]
S. Bloom
EID Bloom S. Courage Unmasked. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):920-921. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.ac2005
AMA Bloom S. Courage Unmasked. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):920-921. doi:10.3201/eid2005.ac2005.
APA Bloom, S. (2014). Courage Unmasked. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 920-921. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.ac2005.
Etymologia

Etymologia: Papillomavirus [PDF - 350 KB - 1 page]
EID Etymologia: Papillomavirus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(5):821. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.et2005
AMA Etymologia: Papillomavirus. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(5):821. doi:10.3201/eid2005.et2005.
APA (2014). Etymologia: Papillomavirus. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 821. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.et2005.
Page created: April 18, 2014
Page updated: August 11, 2017
Page reviewed: August 11, 2017
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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