Volume 13, Number 7—July 2007
Research
Antiretroviral Therapy during Tuberculosis Treatment and Marked Reduction in Death Rate of HIV-Infected Patients, Thailand1
Somsak Akksilp*, Opart Karnkawinpong*, Wanpen Wattanaamornkiat*, Daranee Viriyakitja†, Patama Monkongdee‡, Walya Sitti*, Dhanida Rienthong†, Taweesap Siraprapasiri†‡, Charles D. Wells§, Jordan W. Tappero‡§, and Jay K. Varma†§
Table 3
Univariate analysis of risk factors for death among HIV-infected TB patients with outcomes of cured, completed, failed, or died, stratified by all patients versus pulmonary, smear-positive patients, Ubon-ratchathani, February 2003 through January 2004*
| Characteristic | All TB patients (N = 286) | Smear-positive TB patients (n = 104) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Died, no./total (%) | RR (95% CI) | Died, no./total (%) | RR (95% CI) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 69/193 (36) | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | 33/72 (46) | 2.3 (1.1–4.7) |
| Female | 30/97 (31) | Ref | 7/35 (20) | Ref |
| Age | ||||
| <18 y | 4/19 (21) | 0.6 (0.2–1.4) | 0/1 (0) | 0 (0–0) |
| 18–34 y | 60/168 (36) | Ref | 26/60 (43) | Ref |
| >35 y | 35/103 (34) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 14/46 (30) | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) |
| Type, location of TB | ||||
| Sputum smear-positive, pulmonary | 40/107 (37) | Ref | NA | NA |
| Sputum smear-negative, pulmonary | 38/96 (40) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | NA | NA |
| Extrapulmonary | 21/87 (24) | 0.7 (0.4–1.0) | NA | NA |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) | ||||
| >200 | 1/22 (5) | Ref | 0/8 (0) | Ref |
| 100–199 | 5/33 (15) | 3.3 (0.4–26.6) | 2/12 (17) | Undefined |
| 50–99 | 9/35 (26) | 5.7 (0.8–41.6) | 1/10 (10) | Undefined |
| <50 | 22/92 (24) | 5.3 (0.8–37.0) | 9/34 (27) | Undefined |
| Unknown | 62/108 (57) | 12.6 (1.9–86.3) | 28/43 (65) | Undefined |
| Co-trimoxazole during TB treatment | ||||
| Received | 57/208 (27) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 21/71 (30) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) |
| Did not receive | 42/82 (51) | Ref | 19/36 (53) | Ref |
| Antiretroviral therapy before or during TB treatment | ||||
| Received | 5/71 (7) | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 1/23 (4) | 0.1 (0.0–0.7) |
| Did not receive | 94/219 (43) | Ref | 39/84 (46) | Ref |
| Sputum culture† | ||||
| Culture positive | 18/60 (30) | Ref | 18/59 (31) | Ref |
| Not culture positive | 81/230 (35) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8)‡ | 22/48 (46) | 1.5 (0.9–2.5)‡ |
| Culture negative | 21/60 (35) | 1.2 (0.7–2.0)‡ | 9/20 (45) | 1.5 (0.8–2.7)‡ |
*TB, tuberculosis; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; Ref, referent; NA, not applicable.
†”Culture positive” includes all patients with a sputum culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). “Not culture positive” includes any patients without a culture positive for MTB, regardless of whether they had a specimen sent for culture or not. “Culture negative” includes only patients with a sputum culture negative for MTB.
‡Compared with culture positive.
