Volume 18, Number 5—May 2012
Research
No Association between 2008–09 Influenza Vaccine and Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infection, Manitoba, Canada, 2009
Salaheddin M. Mahmud
, Paul Van Caeseele, Gregory Hammond, Carol Kurbis, Tim Hilderman, and Lawrence Elliott
, Paul Van Caeseele, Gregory Hammond, Carol Kurbis, Tim Hilderman, and Lawrence ElliottTable 2
Demographic and clinical characteristics of persons enrolled in a study to determine possible association between receipt of 2008–09 TIV and subsequent infection with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, Manitoba, Canada, 2009*
| Characteristic | Community controls | Community case-patients | Hospitalized case-patients | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 2,479 (74.9) | 626 (18.9) | 205 (6.2) | 3,310 |
| Female sex | 1,468 (59.2) | 322 (51.4) | 115 (56.1) | 1,905 |
| Age, y | ||||
| 0.5–4 | 210 (8.5) | 62 (9.9) | 48 (23.4) | 320 |
| 5–19 | 413 (16.7) | 223 (35.6) | 41 (20.0) | 677 |
| 20–34 | 553 (22.3) | 154 (24.6) | 44 (21.5) | 751 |
| 35–49 | 600 (24.2) | 110 (17.6) | 35 (17.1) | 745 |
| 50–59 | 331 (13.4) | 56 (8.9) | 20 (9.8) | 407 |
| >60 | 372 (15.0) | 21 (3.4) | 17 (8.3) | 410 |
| Age, y, median (Q1–Q3) | 36 (19–51) | 22 (10–39) | 23 (5–43) | 34 (16–52) |
| Residence | ||||
| Northern Manitoba | 362 (14.6) | 156 (24.9) | 82 (40.0) | 600 |
| Urban area | 1,406 (56.7) | 341 (54.5) | 88 (42.9) | 1835 |
| SEFI quintile† | ||||
| 1 | 596 (24.0) | 106 (16.9) | 22 (10.7) | 724 |
| 2 | 541 (21.8) | 140 (22.4) | 28 (13.7) | 709 |
| 3 | 499 (20.1) | 126 (20.1) | 25 (12.2) | 650 |
| 4 | 468 (18.9) | 130 (20.8) | 41 (20.0) | 639 |
| 5 | 375 (15.1) | 124 (19.8) | 89 (43.4) | 588 |
| Physician visits in past year, median (Q1–Q3) | 14 (5–32) | 7 (3–19) | 20 (10–51) | 15 (6–34) |
| Hospitalizations in past 5 y, median (Q1–Q3) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 3 (1–5) | 1 (0–2) |
| Pregnant‡ | 85 (5.8) | 17 (5.3) | 25 (21.7) | 127 |
| Chronic disease | 548 (22.1) | 90 (14.4) | 78 (38.0) | 716 |
| Diabetes | 219 (8.8) | 30 (4.8) | 35 (17.1) | 284 |
| COPD | 98 (4.0) | 11 (1.8) | 15 (7.3 | 124 |
| Asthma | 133 (5.4) | 38 (6.1) | 25 (12.2) | 196 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 51 (2.1) | 6 (1.0) | 6 (2.9) | 63 |
| Chronic renal failure | 43 (1.7) | 5 (0.8) | 10 (4.9) | 58 |
| Cancer, excluding NMS | 95 (3.8) | 7 (1.1) | 10 (4.9) | 112 |
| Receipt of drug treatment | ||||
| Antiviral drug treatment | 276 (11.1) | 123 (19.6) | 15 (7.3) | 414 |
| Antiviral prophylaxis | 72 (2.9) | 22 (3.5) | 3 (1.5) | 97 |
| Antimicrobial drug treatment | 1,035 (41.8) | 219 (35.0) | 106 (51.7) | 1,360 |
| Receipt of TIV | ||||
| 2007–08 | 544 (21.9) | 123 (19.6) | 37 (18.0) | 704 |
| 2008–09 | 564 (22.8) | 109 (17.4) | 39 (19.0) | 712 |
| No. TIVs received in past 5 years | ||||
| 0 | 1,450 (58.5) | 383 (61.2) | 119 (58.0) | 1,952 |
| >1 | 1,029 (41.5) | 243 (38.8) | 86 (42.0) | 1,358 |
| 1–3 | 711 (28.7) | 187 (29.9) | 65 (31.7) | 963 |
| 4–5 | 318 (12.8) | 56 (8.9) | 21 (10.2) | 395 |
| 5 | 156 (6.3) | 19 (3.0) | 9 (4.4) | 184 |
| Ever received PPV23 | 343 (13.8) | 41 (6.5) | 32 (15.6) | 416 |
*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. See Table 1 for definitions of variables. TIV, inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine; Q1–Q3, quartiles 1-3; SEFI, Socioeconomic Factor Index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NMS, nonmelanoma skin cancer; PPV23, pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.
†SEFI quintiles are in order of worsening socioeconomic scale (24).
‡Of 5- to 49-year-old female participants.
