Hypervirulent emm59 Clone in Invasive Group A Streptococcus Outbreak, Southwestern United States
David M. Engelthaler
1 , Michael Valentine
1, Jolene Bowers, Jennifer Pistole, Elizabeth M. Driebe, Joel Terriquez, Linus Nienstadt, Mark Carroll, Mare Schumacher, Mary Ellen Ormsby, Shane Brady, Eugene Livar, Del Yazzie, Victor Waddell, Marie Peoples, Kenneth Komatsu, and Paul Keim
Author affiliations: Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA (D. Engelthaler, M. Valentine, J. Bowers, E.M. Driebe, P. Keim); Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona, USA (J. Pistole, S. Brady, E. Livar, V. Waddell, K. Komatsu); Northern Arizona Healthcare, Flagstaff (J. Terriquez, L. Nienstadt, M. Carroll); Coconino County Public Health Services District, Flagstaff (M. Schumacher, M.E. Ormsby, M. Peoples); Navajo Division of Health, Window Rock, Arizona, USA (D. Yazzie); Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff (P. Keim)
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Figure 2
Figure 2. Phylogenetic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) tree of emm59 isolates from Arizona during invasive group A Streptococcus outbreak in the southwestern United States, previously analyzed US emm59 isolates, and the Canadian clone. Maximum parsimony tree of all 177 SNP loci (44 parsimony informative SNPs) in emm59 isolates from Arizona (n = 18), Minnesota (n = 29), Oregon (n = 8), New Mexico (N = 3), Colorado (n = 2), and California (n = 1) and the Canadian clone reference isolate MGAS15252. Tree has regions of recombination removed and is rooted with Minnesota isolate SRR11574570. Consistency index = 1.0. Numbers above branches are SNP distances. Scale bar indicates SNPs.
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